要了解事務配置的所有方法，請看一下《Spring事務配置的5種方法》
本文介紹兩種配置方法：
一、XML，使用tx標簽配置攔截器實現事務
二、Annotation方式
以下所使用環境為Spring4.0.3、Hibernate4.3.5
一、 XML，使用tx標簽配置攔截器實現事務
Entity類User.java，持久化類，對應數據庫表user
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package com.lei.demo.entity;import javax.persistence.*;@Entity(name="users")public class Users { public Users(){ super(); } @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO) @Column(name="id") private Integer id; @Column(name="user_name",length=32) private String user_name; @Column(name="age") private Integer age; @Column(name="nice_name",length=32) private String nice_name; //屬性實現......} |
UserDAO.javar，表user的一些操作，其中屬性sessionFactory應該由Spring注入，如下：
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package com.lei.demo.dao;import java.util.List;import javax.annotation.Resource;import org.hibernate.Query;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;import com.lei.demo.entity.Users;public class UsersDAO { private SessionFactory sessionFactory; public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) { this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory; } public SessionFactory getSessionFactory() { return sessionFactory; } public List<Users> getAllUser(){ String hsql="from users"; Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession(); Query query = session.createQuery(hsql); return query.list(); }} |
UserService.java，業務實現類，如下
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package com.lei.demo.service;import javax.annotation.Resource;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Isolation;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;import com.lei.demo.dao.*;public class UserService { private UsersDAO userDao; public int userCount(){ return userDao.getAllUser().size(); } public UsersDAO getUserDao() { return userDao; } public void setUserDao(UsersDAO userDao) { this.userDao = userDao; }} |
首先看一下xml配置，spring-hibernate.xml如下：
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd "> <!-- Hibernate4 --> <!-- 加載資源文件 其中包含變量信息，必須在Spring配置文件的最前面加載，即第一個加載--> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:persistence-mysql.properties" /> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="packagesToScan"> <list> <!-- 可以加多個包 --> <value>com.lei.demo.entity</value> </list> </property> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}</prop> <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}</prop> <!-- <prop key="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</prop> --> </props> </property> </bean> <!-- 數據庫映射 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" /> <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" /> <property name="username" value="${jdbc.user}" /> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.pass}" /> </bean> <!-- 配置Hibernate事務管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <!-- 配置事務異常封裝 --> <bean id="persistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor" class="org.springframework.dao.annotation.PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor" /> <!-- 聲明式容器事務管理 ,transaction-manager指定事務管理器為transactionManager --> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="get*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="*" read-only="true" /> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <aop:config expose-proxy="true"> <!-- 只對業務邏輯層實施事務 --> <aop:pointcut id="txPointcut" expression="execution(* com.lei.demo.service..*.*(..))" /> <!-- Advisor定義，切入點和通知分別為txPointcut、txAdvice --> <aop:advisor pointcut-ref="txPointcut" advice-ref="txAdvice"/> </aop:config> </beans> |
其中主要配置中是tx:advice和aop:config兩個配置節，以Spring AOP的方式實現事務管理。
tx:advice配置了事務的管理者是transactionManager，同時tx:method也規定了如果方法名匹配“add*”和“get*”方法時使用事務，propagation是設定事務的傳播級別。除了“add*”和“get*”方法，其他的方法的事務是只讀的（典型地，對于只執行查詢的事務你會將該屬性設為true，如果出現了更新、插入或是刪除語句時只讀事務就會失敗）
aop:config指定了一個aop:pointcut去引用上邊的advice。
這樣就通過AOP的攔截機制實現了事務，當然你還要用Spring的方式自己配置UserDAO和UserService。
二、Annotation方式
第一步，首先看一下web.xml，如下：
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:/spring-*.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <servlet> <servlet-name>lei-dispatcher</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:/lei-dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>lei-dispatcher</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping></web-app> |
第二步，spring-hibernate配置，見以下spring-hibernate.xml配置
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd "> <!-- Hibernate4 --> <!-- 加載資源文件 其中包含變量信息，必須在Spring配置文件的最前面加載，即第一個加載--> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:persistence-mysql.properties" /> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="packagesToScan"> <list> <!-- 可以加多個包 --> <value>com.lei.demo.entity</value> </list> </property> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}</prop> <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}</prop> <!-- <prop key="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</prop> --> </props> </property> </bean> <!-- 數據庫映射 --> <!-- class="org.apache.tomcat.dbcp.dbcp.BasicDataSource" --> <!-- class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource" --> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" /> <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" /> <property name="username" value="${jdbc.user}" /> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.pass}" /> </bean> <!-- 配置Hibernate事務管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <!-- 配置事務異常封裝 --> <bean id="persistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor" class="org.springframework.dao.annotation.PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor" /></beans> |
第一節中xml配置事務中需要通過配置tx:advice和aop:config來增加事務的功能。此處采用全注釋方法，這兩個配置節就不需要了。
相應的需要在視圖解析配置中啟用注釋，如下lei-dispatcher-servlet.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd "> <!-- 啟動自動掃描 該包下所有的Bean(@Controller) --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.lei.demo" /> <!-- 基于注釋的事務，當注釋中發現@Transactional時，使用id為“transactionManager”的事務管理器 --> <!-- 如果沒有設置transaction-manager的值，則spring以缺省默認的事務管理器來處理事務，默認事務管理器為第一個加載的事務管理器 --> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/> <!-- 定義視圖解析器 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix"> <value>/WEB-INF/user/</value> </property> <property name="suffix"> <value>.jsp</value> </property> </bean> </beans> |
UserDAO如下
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package com.lei.demo.dao;import java.util.List;import javax.annotation.Resource;import org.hibernate.Query;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;import com.lei.demo.entity.Users;@Repositorypublic class UsersDAO { @Resource(name="sessionFactory") private SessionFactory sessionFactory; public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) { this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory; } public SessionFactory getSessionFactory() { return sessionFactory; } public List<Users> getAllUser(){ String hsql="from users"; Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession(); Query query = session.createQuery(hsql); return query.list(); }} |
UserService.java如下
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package com.lei.demo.service;import javax.annotation.Resource;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Isolation;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;import com.lei.demo.dao.*;@Service("userService")public class UserService { @Resource private UsersDAO userDao; @Transactional public int userCount(){ return userDao.getAllUser().size(); } public UsersDAO getUserDao() { return userDao; } public void setUserDao(UsersDAO userDao) { this.userDao = userDao; }} |
這里，方法名userCount上加入@Transactional，說明這個方法要啟用事務。如果類名UserService上加入@Transactional，則表明這個類中的所有方法都會啟用事務。
如果配有多個transactionManager，例如配置有transactionManager1,和transactionManager2，則可以通過@Transactional(“transactionManager1”)，的方式指定使用哪個數據源的事務。
以上就是本文的全部內容，希望對大家的學習有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持服務器之家。
原文鏈接：http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/p/3725911.html
