1,Set注入 2,構造注入
Set方法注入:
原理:通過類的setter方法完成依賴關系的設置
name屬性的取值依setter方法名而定,要求這個類里面這個對應的屬性必須有setter方法。
Set方法注入時spring中配置文件:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> < bean id = "car" class = "org.spring01.Car" > < constructor-arg value = "奔馳" ></ constructor-arg > < constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" > < value >土豪金</ value > </ constructor-arg > < constructor-arg value = "高級轎車" ></ constructor-arg > </ bean > < bean id = "person" class = "org.spring01.Person" > < property name = "name" value = "張三" ></ property > < property name = "age" value = "11" ></ property > < property name = "car" ref = "car" ></ property > </ bean > </ beans > |
定義Car類:
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package org.spring01; public class Car { private String name; //車名 private String color; //顏色 private String clas; //等級 public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this .name = name; } public String getColor() { return color; } public void setColor(String color) { this .color = color; } public String getClas() { return clas; } public void setClas(String clas) { this .clas = clas; } public Car(String name, String color, String clas) { super (); this .name = name; this .color = color; this .clas = clas; } public Car() { super (); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } @Override public String toString() { return "Car [name=" + name + ", color=" + color + ", clas=" + clas + "]" ; } } |
定義Person類:
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package org.spring01; public class Person { private String name; //名字 private int age; //年齡 private Car car; //他的車 public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this .name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge( int age) { this .age = age; } public Car getCar() { return car; } public void setCar(Car car) { this .car = car; } public Person(String name, int age, Car car) { super (); this .name = name; this .age = age; this .car = car; } public Person() { super (); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } @Override public String toString() { return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", car=" + car + "]" ; } } |
測試類:
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package org.spring01; import org.junit.Test; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class SpringTest{ @Test public void toGetPerson(){ ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext.xml" ); Person person = (Person) context.getBean( "person" ); System.out.println(person); } @Test public void toGetCar(){ ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext.xml" ); Car car = (Car) context.getBean( "car" ); System.out.println(car); } } |
使用單元測試(JUnit)測試toGetPerson()方法,結果為:
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Person [name=張三, age=11, car=Car [name=奔馳, color=土豪金, clas=高級轎車]] |
構造方法注入:
原理:通過構造函數完成依賴關系的設定
構造注入指的是在接受注入的類中,定義一個構造方法,并在構造方法的參數中定義需要注入的元素,其中,index表示構造方法中的參數索引(第一個參數索引為0)。
構造方法注入時spring中配置文件:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> < bean id = "car" class = "org.spring02.Car" > < constructor-arg value = "大眾" ></ constructor-arg > < constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" > < value >白色</ value > </ constructor-arg > < constructor-arg value = "中級轎車" ></ constructor-arg > </ bean > < bean id = "person" class = "org.spring02.Person" > < constructor-arg index = "0" value = "李四" ></ constructor-arg > < constructor-arg index = "1" value = "23" ></ constructor-arg > < constructor-arg index = "2" ref = "car" ></ constructor-arg > </ bean > </ beans > |
定義Car類:
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package org.spring02; public class Car { private String name; //車名 private String color; //顏色 private String clas; //等級 public Car(String name, String color, String clas) { super (); this .name = name; this .color = color; this .clas = clas; } public Car() { super (); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } @Override public String toString() { return "Car [name=" + name + ", color=" + color + ", clas=" + clas + "]" ; } } |
定義Person類:
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package org.spring02; public class Person { private String name; //名字 private int age; //年齡 private Car car; //他的車 public Person(String name, int age, Car car) { super (); this .name = name; this .age = age; this .car = car; } public Person() { super (); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } @Override public String toString() { return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", car=" + car + "]" ; } } |
測試類:
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package org.spring02; import org.junit.Test; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class SpringTest{ @Test public void toGetPerson(){ ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext01.xml" ); Person person = (Person) context.getBean( "person" ); System.out.println(person); } @Test public void toGetCar(){ ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext01.xml" ); Car car = (Car) context.getBean( "car" ); System.out.println(car); } } |
使用單元測試(JUnit)測試toGetPerson()方法,結果為:
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Person [name=李四, age=23, car=Car [name=大眾, color=白色, clas=中級轎車]] |
上面的例子都采用了單元測試的方法檢測運行結果,需要導庫: JUnit
Demo的大體結構:
我們可以看到,set方法和構造方法都可以設值成功, 實際開發中最常用到的是set方法設值。但這兩種依賴注入的方式并沒有絕對的好壞,只是使用的場合不同。
使用構造注入可以在構建對象的同時完成依賴關系到的建立,所以如果要建立的對象的關系很多,使用構造注入會在構造方法上留下很多參數,可讀性極差,所以當對象的關系比較多的時候采用set方法注入。
使用set方法注入是通過類的setter方法完成依賴關系的設置的,所以不能保證相關的數據在執行時不被更改設定。所以如果想使一些數據變為只讀或者私有,就要采用構造注入了。
建議采用以set注入為主,構造注入為輔的注入策略。對于依賴關系無須變化的注入,盡量采用構造注入;而其他的依賴關系的注入,則考慮采用set注入。
以上就是本文的全部內容,希望對大家的學習有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持服務器之家。
原文鏈接:http://blog.csdn.net/weixin_36380516/article/details/72301260?utm_source=tuicool&utm_medium=referral