Java7引入了Fork Join的概念，來(lái)更好的支持并行運(yùn)算。顧名思義，F(xiàn)ork Join類似與流程語(yǔ)言的分支，合并的概念。也就是說(shuō)Java7 SE原生支持了在一個(gè)主線程中開(kāi)辟多個(gè)分支線程，并且根據(jù)分支線程的邏輯來(lái)等待(或者不等待)匯集，當(dāng)然你也可以fork的某一個(gè)分支線程中再開(kāi)辟Fork Join，這也就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)Fork Join的嵌套。
有兩個(gè)核心類ForkJoinPool和ForkJoinTask。
ForkJoinPool實(shí)現(xiàn)了ExecutorService接口，起到線程池的作用。所以他的用法和Executor框架的使用時(shí)一樣的，當(dāng)然Fork Join本身就是Executor框架的擴(kuò)展。ForkJoinPool有3個(gè)關(guān)鍵的方法，來(lái)啟動(dòng)線程，execute(…),invoke(…),submit(…)。具體描述如下：
ForkJoinTask是分支合并的執(zhí)行任何，分支合并的業(yè)務(wù)邏輯使用者可以再繼承了這個(gè)抽先類之后，在抽象方法exec()中實(shí)現(xiàn)。其中exec()的返回結(jié)果和ForkJoinPool的執(zhí)行調(diào)用方（execute(…),invoke(…),submit(…)），共同決定著線程是否阻塞，具體請(qǐng)看下面的測(cè)試用例。
首先，用戶需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建一個(gè)自己的ForkJoinTask。代碼如下：
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public class MyForkJoinTask extends ForkJoinTask { /** * */ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private V value; private boolean success = false; @Override public V getRawResult() { return value; } @Override protected void setRawResult(V value) { this.value = value; } @Override protected boolean exec() { System.out.println("exec"); return this.success; } public boolean isSuccess() { return success; } public void setSuccess(boolean isSuccess) { this.success = isSuccess; }} |
測(cè)試ForkJoinPool.invoke(…)：
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@Testpublic void testForkJoinInvoke() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { ForkJoinPool forkJoinPool = new ForkJoinPool(); MyForkJoinTask task = new MyForkJoinTask(); task.setSuccess(true); task.setRawResult("test"); String invokeResult = forkJoinPool.invoke(task); assertEquals(invokeResult, "test");}@Testpublic void testForkJoinInvoke2() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { final ForkJoinPool forkJoinPool = new ForkJoinPool(); final MyForkJoinTask task = new MyForkJoinTask(); new Thread(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } task.complete("test"); } }).start(); // exec()返回值是false，此處阻塞，直到另一個(gè)線程調(diào)用了task.complete(...) String result = forkJoinPool.invoke(task); System.out.println(result);}@Testpublic void testForkJoinSubmit() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { final ForkJoinPool forkJoinPool = new ForkJoinPool(); final MyForkJoinTask task = new MyForkJoinTask(); task.setSuccess(true); // 是否在此任務(wù)運(yùn)行完畢后結(jié)束阻塞 ForkJoinTask result = forkJoinPool.submit(task); result.get(); // 如果exec()返回值是false，在此處會(huì)阻塞，直到調(diào)用complete} |
測(cè)試ForkJoinPool.submit(…)：
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@Test public void testForkJoinSubmit() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { final ForkJoinPool forkJoinPool = new ForkJoinPool(); final MyForkJoinTask task = new MyForkJoinTask(); task.setSuccess(true); // 是否在此任務(wù)運(yùn)行完畢后結(jié)束阻塞 ForkJoinTask result = forkJoinPool.submit(task); result.get(); // 如果exec()返回值是false，在此處會(huì)阻塞，直到調(diào)用complete } @Test public void testForkJoinSubmit2() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { final ForkJoinPool forkJoinPool = new ForkJoinPool(); final MyForkJoinTask task = new MyForkJoinTask(); forkJoinPool.submit(task); Thread.sleep(1000); } @Test public void testForkJoinSubmit3() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { final ForkJoinPool forkJoinPool = new ForkJoinPool(); final MyForkJoinTask task = new MyForkJoinTask(); new Thread(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } task.complete("test"); } }).start(); ForkJoinTask result = forkJoinPool.submit(task); // exec()返回值是false，此處阻塞，直到另一個(gè)線程調(diào)用了task.complete(...) result.get(); Thread.sleep(1000); } |
測(cè)試ForkJoinPool.execute(…)：
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@Testpublic void testForkJoinExecute() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { ForkJoinPool forkJoinPool = new ForkJoinPool(); MyForkJoinTask task = new MyForkJoinTask(); forkJoinPool.execute(task); // 異步執(zhí)行，無(wú)視task.exec()返回值。} |
在實(shí)際情況中，很多時(shí)候我們都需要面對(duì)經(jīng)典的“分治”問(wèn)題。要解決這類問(wèn)題，主要任務(wù)通常被分解為多個(gè)任務(wù)塊（分解階段），其后每一小塊任務(wù)被獨(dú)立并行計(jì)算。一旦計(jì)算任務(wù)完成，每一快的結(jié)果會(huì)被合并或者解決（解決階段）。ForkJoinTask天然就是為了支持“分治”問(wèn)題的。
分支/合并的完整過(guò)程如下：
下面列舉一個(gè)分治算法的實(shí)例。
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import java.util.Random;import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool;import java.util.concurrent.RecursiveTask;public class MaximumFinder extends RecursiveTask<Integer> { private static final int SEQUENTIAL_THRESHOLD = 5; private final int[] data; private final int start; private final int end; public MaximumFinder(int[] data, int start, int end) { this.data = data; this.start = start; this.end = end; } public MaximumFinder(int[] data) { this(data, 0, data.length); } @Override protected Integer compute() { final int length = end - start; if (length < SEQUENTIAL_THRESHOLD) { return computeDirectly(); } final int split = length / 2; final MaximumFinder left = new MaximumFinder(data, start, start + split); left.fork(); final MaximumFinder right = new MaximumFinder(data, start + split, end); return Math.max(right.compute(), left.join()); } private Integer computeDirectly() { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + ' computing: ' + start + ' to ' + end); int max = Integer.MIN_VALUE; for (int i = start; i < end; i++) { if (data[i] > max) { max = data[i]; } } return max; } public static void main(String[] args) { // create a random data set final int[] data = new int[1000]; final Random random = new Random(); for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) { data[i] = random.nextInt(100); } // submit the task to the pool final ForkJoinPool pool = new ForkJoinPool(4); final MaximumFinder finder = new MaximumFinder(data); System.out.println(pool.invoke(finder)); }} |
以上所示是小編給大家介紹的Java7之forkjoin簡(jiǎn)介_(kāi)動(dòng)力節(jié)點(diǎn)Java學(xué)院整理，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助，如果大家有任何疑問(wèn)歡迎給我留言，小編會(huì)及時(shí)回復(fù)大家的，在此也非常感謝大家對(duì)服務(wù)器之家網(wǎng)站的支持！
