前言
java8中提供了stream對集合操作作出了極大的簡化，學(xué)習(xí)了stream之后，我們以后不用使用for循環(huán)就能對集合作出很好的操作。
本文將給大家詳細介紹關(guān)于java8 stream使用的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，下面話不多說了，來一起看看詳細的介紹吧
1. 原理
stream 不是集合元素，它不是數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)并不保存數(shù)據(jù)，它是有關(guān)算法和計算的，它更像一個高級版本的 iterator。
原始版本的 iterator，用戶只能顯式地一個一個遍歷元素并對其執(zhí)行某些操作；
高級版本的 stream，用戶只要給出需要對其包含的元素執(zhí)行什么操作，比如:
- 所有元素求和
- 過濾掉長度大于 10 的字符串
- 獲取每個字符串的首字母
stream 就如同一個迭代器（iterator），單向，不可往復(fù)，數(shù)據(jù)只能遍歷一次，遍歷過一次后即用盡了，就好比流水從面前流過，一去不復(fù)返。
而和迭代器又不同的是，stream 可以并行化操作
stream 的另外一大特點是，數(shù)據(jù)源本身可以是無限的
2.使用步驟
獲取一個數(shù)據(jù)源（source）→ 數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換→執(zhí)行操作獲取想要的結(jié)果
每次轉(zhuǎn)換原有 stream 對象不改變，返回一個新的 stream對象（可以有多次轉(zhuǎn)換），這就允許對其操作可以像鏈條一樣排列，變成一個管道，如下圖所示。
3. stream的構(gòu)造
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public void test4() { stream stream = stream.of("a", "b", "c", 23); stream.foreach(key -> system.out.println(key)); string[] array = new string[]{"abc", "efg"}; stream = stream.of(array); stream = arrays.stream(array); stream.foreach(key -> system.out.println(key)); list<string> list = arrays.aslist(array); stream = list.stream(); //intstream、longstream、doublestream intstream stream2 = intstream.of(1, 2, 3, 3); doublestream stream4 = doublestream.of(1, 2, 3, 3.4); stream2.foreach(key -> system.out.println(key)); stream4.foreach(key -> system.out.println(key)); } |
結(jié)果
a
b
c
23
abc
efg
1
2
3
3
1.0
2.0
3.0
4. stream的轉(zhuǎn)換
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public void test6() { stream stream = stream.of("abc", "def"); string[] array = (string[])stream.toarray(string[]::new); system.out.println(array.length); list<string> list = (list<string>)stream.of("1", "2", "3").collect(collectors.tolist()); string str = stream.of("abc", "mn").collect(collectors.joining()).tostring(); system.out.println(array); system.out.println(list); system.out.println(str); } |
結(jié)果
2
[ljava.lang.string;@17f052a3
[1, 2, 3]
abcmn
5.一個 stream 只可以使用一次
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public void test6_5() { stream stream = stream.of(1, 2, 3, 2); system.out.println("count:" + stream.count()); system.out.println("count:" + stream.count());} |
輸出
exception in thread "main" java.lang.illegalstateexception: stream has already been operated upon or closed
at java.util.stream.abstractpipeline.<init>(abstractpipeline.java:203)
at java.util.stream.longpipeline.<init>(longpipeline.java:91)
at java.util.stream.longpipeline$statelessop.<init>(longpipeline.java:572)
at java.util.stream.referencepipeline$5.<init>(referencepipeline.java:221)
at java.util.stream.referencepipeline.maptolong(referencepipeline.java:220)
at java.util.stream.referencepipeline.count(referencepipeline.java:526)
at streamtest.streamtest.test6_5(streamtest.java:68)
at streamtest.streamtest.main(streamtest.java:181)
count:4
6.轉(zhuǎn)換大寫
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public void test7() { list<string> list = arrays.aslist("a", "mnm"); list<string> result = list.stream(). map(string::touppercase). collect(collectors.tolist()); system.out.println(list); system.out.println(result); } |
輸出
[a, mnm]
[a, mnm]
7.平方
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public void test8() { list<integer> list2 = arrays.aslist(1, 2, 4); list<integer> list3 = list2.stream(). map(key -> key * key). collect(collectors.tolist()); system.out.println(list2); system.out.println(list3); } |
輸出
[1, 2, 4]
[1, 4, 16]
8.找偶數(shù)
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public void test8_5() { list<integer> list2 = arrays.aslist(1, 2, 4); list<integer> list3 = list2.stream(). filter(key -> key % 2 == 0). collect(collectors.tolist()); system.out.println(list2); system.out.println(list3); } |
輸出
[1, 2, 4]
[2, 4]
9. 區(qū)間值
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public void test5() { system.out.println("\n"); intstream.range(1, 3).foreach(system.out::println); system.out.println("\n"); intstream.rangeclosed(1, 3).foreach(system.out::println); } |
結(jié)果
1
2
1
2
3
10.并發(fā)
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public void test5_pa() {intstream.rangeclosed(1, 10).parallel().foreach(system.out::println);} |
輸出
3
7
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5
2
8
10
6
9
4
11. 新的stream繼續(xù)操作
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public void test6_6() { stream.of("one", "two", "three", "four") .filter(e -> e.length() > 3) .peek(e -> system.out.println("filtered value: " + e)) .map(string::touppercase) .peek(e -> system.out.println("mapped value: " + e)) .collect(collectors.tolist()); } |
結(jié)果
filtered value: three
mapped value: three
filtered value: four
mapped value: four
12. optional
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public static void print(string text) { system.out.println("<<<<<<"); system.out.println(optional.ofnullable(text)); list<string> obj = new arraylist<>(); optional.ofnullable(text).ifpresent(system.out::println); system.out.println(">>>>>>>>>>>>\n"); } public static int getlength(string text) { return optional.ofnullable(text).map(string::length).orelse(-1); } public void test14() { string stra = " abcd ", strb = null; print(stra); print(""); print(strb); system.out.println(getlength(stra)); system.out.println(getlength("")); system.out.println(getlength(strb)); } |
結(jié)果
<<<<<<
optional[ abcd ]
abcd
>>>>>>>>>>>>
<<<<<<
optional[]
>>>>>>>>>>>>
<<<<<<
optional.empty
>>>>>>>>>>>>
6
0
-1
13. 字符串拼接、最值、求和、過濾
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public void test15() { string concat = stream.of("a", "b", "c").reduce("", string::concat); system.out.println("concat:" + concat); double minvalue = stream.of(-1.5, 1.0, -3.0, -2.0).reduce(double.max_value, double::min); system.out.println("min:" + minvalue); int sumvalue = stream.of(1, 2, 3, 4).reduce(0, integer::sum); system.out.println("sum1:" + sumvalue); int sumvalue2 = stream.of(1, 2, 3, 4).reduce(integer::sum).get(); system.out.println("sum2:" + sumvalue2); concat = stream.of("a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f").filter(x -> x.compareto("z") > 0).reduce("", string::concat); system.out.println("concat:" + concat); } |
結(jié)果
concat:abc
min:-3.0
sum1:10
sum2:10
concat:ace
14. limit, skip
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public void test16() { list<person> persons = new arraylist<>(); intstream.range(1, 1000).foreach(key->persons.add(new person(key, "jihite:" + key))); list<string> personlist = persons.stream().map(person::getname).limit(10).skip(3).collect(collectors.tolist()); system.out.println(personlist); } |
輸出
[jihite:4, jihite:5, jihite:6, jihite:7, jihite:8, jihite:9, jihite:10]
15.找出最長一行的長度
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public void test19() throws ioexception { string path = "**/person.java"; bufferedreader br = new bufferedreader(new filereader(path)); int longest = br.lines() .maptoint(string::length) .max() .getasint(); br.close(); system.out.println(longest); } |
輸出
16.找出全文的單詞，轉(zhuǎn)小寫，并排序
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public void test20() throws ioexception { string path = "**/person.java"; bufferedreader br = new bufferedreader(new filereader(path)); list<string> words = br.lines() .flatmap(line->stream.of(line.split(" "))) .filter(word->word.length()>0) .map(string::tolowercase) .distinct() .sorted() .collect(collectors.tolist()); br.close(); system.out.println(words); words.foreach(key-> system.out.println(key)); } |
輸出
*
*/
/**
//
2018/10/24
21:40
=
@author:
@date:
@description:
class
getname()
int
name)
參考
總結(jié)
以上就是這篇文章的全部內(nèi)容了，希望本文的內(nèi)容對大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作具有一定的參考學(xué)習(xí)價值，如果有疑問大家可以留言交流，謝謝大家對服務(wù)器之家的支持。
原文鏈接：http://www.cnblogs.com/kaituorensheng/p/9852462.html
