搶購、秒殺是如今很常見的一個應用場景,主要需要解決的問題有兩個:
1 高并發對數據庫產生的壓力
2 競爭狀態下如何解決庫存的正確減少("超賣"問題)
對于第一個問題,已經很容易想到用緩存來處理搶購,避免直接操作數據庫,例如使用Redis。
重點在于第二個問題
常規寫法:
查詢出對應商品的庫存,看是否大于0,然后執行生成訂單等操作,但是在判斷庫存是否大于0處,如果在高并發下就會有問題,導致庫存量出現負數
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<?php $conn =mysql_connect( "localhost" , "big" , "123456" ); if (! $conn ){ echo "connect failed" ; exit ; } mysql_select_db( "big" , $conn ); mysql_query( "set names utf8" ); $price =10; $user_id =1; $goods_id =1; $sku_id =11; $number =1; //生成唯一訂單 function build_order_no(){ return date ( 'ymd' ). substr (implode(NULL, array_map ( 'ord' , str_split ( substr (uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8); } //記錄日志 function insertLog( $event , $type =0){ global $conn ; $sql ="insert into ih_log(event,type) values( '$event' , '$type' )"; mysql_query( $sql , $conn ); } //模擬下單操作 //庫存是否大于0 $sql = "select number from ih_store where goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id'" ; //解鎖 此時ih_store數據中goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id' 的數據被鎖住(注3),其它事務必須等待此次事務 提交后才能執行 $rs =mysql_query( $sql , $conn ); $row =mysql_fetch_assoc( $rs ); if ( $row [ 'number' ]>0){ //高并發下會導致超賣 $order_sn =build_order_no(); //生成訂單 $sql ="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price) values( '$order_sn' , '$user_id' , '$goods_id' , '$sku_id' , '$price' )"; $order_rs =mysql_query( $sql , $conn ); //庫存減少 $sql = "update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'" ; $store_rs =mysql_query( $sql , $conn ); if (mysql_affected_rows()){ insertLog( '庫存減少成功' ); } else { insertLog( '庫存減少失敗' ); } } else { insertLog( '庫存不夠' ); } ?> |
優化方案1:將庫存字段number字段設為unsigned,當庫存為0時,因為字段不能為負數,將會返回false
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//庫存減少 $sql = "update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id' and number>0" ; $store_rs =mysql_query( $sql , $conn ); if (mysql_affected_rows()){ insertLog( '庫存減少成功' ); } |
優化方案2:使用MySQL的事務,鎖住操作的行
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<?php $conn =mysql_connect( "localhost" , "big" , "123456" ); if (! $conn ){ echo "connect failed" ; exit ; } mysql_select_db( "big" , $conn ); mysql_query( "set names utf8" ); $price =10; $user_id =1; $goods_id =1; $sku_id =11; $number =1; //生成唯一訂單號 function build_order_no(){ return date ( 'ymd' ). substr (implode(NULL, array_map ( 'ord' , str_split ( substr (uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8); } //記錄日志 function insertLog( $event , $type =0){ global $conn ; $sql ="insert into ih_log(event,type) values( '$event' , '$type' )"; mysql_query( $sql , $conn ); } //模擬下單操作 //庫存是否大于0 mysql_query( "BEGIN" ); //開始事務 $sql = "select number from ih_store where goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id' FOR UPDATE" ; //此時這條記錄被鎖住,其它事務必須等待此次事務提交后才能執行 $rs =mysql_query( $sql , $conn ); $row =mysql_fetch_assoc( $rs ); if ( $row [ 'number' ]>0){ //生成訂單 $order_sn =build_order_no(); $sql ="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price) values( '$order_sn' , '$user_id' , '$goods_id' , '$sku_id' , '$price' )"; $order_rs =mysql_query( $sql , $conn ); //庫存減少 $sql = "update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'" ; $store_rs =mysql_query( $sql , $conn ); if (mysql_affected_rows()){ insertLog( '庫存減少成功' ); mysql_query( "COMMIT" ); //事務提交即解鎖 } else { insertLog( '庫存減少失敗' ); } } else { insertLog( '庫存不夠' ); mysql_query( "ROLLBACK" ); } ?> |
優化方案3:使用非阻塞的文件排他鎖
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<?php $conn =mysql_connect( "localhost" , "root" , "123456" ); if (! $conn ){ echo "connect failed" ; exit ; } mysql_select_db( "big-bak" , $conn ); mysql_query( "set names utf8" ); $price =10; $user_id =1; $goods_id =1; $sku_id =11; $number =1; //生成唯一訂單號 function build_order_no(){ return date ( 'ymd' ). substr (implode(NULL, array_map ( 'ord' , str_split ( substr (uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8); } //記錄日志 function insertLog( $event , $type =0){ global $conn ; $sql ="insert into ih_log(event,type) values( '$event' , '$type' )"; mysql_query( $sql , $conn ); } $fp = fopen ( "lock.txt" , "w+" ); if (! flock ( $fp ,LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB)){ echo "系統繁忙,請稍后再試" ; return ; } //下單 $sql = "select number from ih_store where goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id'" ; $rs =mysql_query( $sql , $conn ); $row =mysql_fetch_assoc( $rs ); if ( $row [ 'number' ]>0){ //庫存是否大于0 //模擬下單操作 $order_sn =build_order_no(); $sql ="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price) values( '$order_sn' , '$user_id' , '$goods_id' , '$sku_id' , '$price' )"; $order_rs =mysql_query( $sql , $conn ); //庫存減少 $sql = "update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'" ; $store_rs =mysql_query( $sql , $conn ); if (mysql_affected_rows()){ insertLog( '庫存減少成功' ); flock ( $fp ,LOCK_UN); //釋放鎖 } else { insertLog( '庫存減少失敗' ); } } else { insertLog( '庫存不夠' ); } fclose( $fp ); |
優化方案4:使用redis隊列,因為pop操作是原子的,即使有很多用戶同時到達,也是依次執行,推薦使用(mysql事務在高并發下性能下降很厲害,文件鎖的方式也是)
先將商品庫存如隊列
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<?php $store =1000; $redis = new Redis(); $result = $redis ->connect( '127.0.0.1' ,6379); $res = $redis ->llen( 'goods_store' ); echo $res ; $count = $store - $res ; for ( $i =0; $i < $count ; $i ++){ $redis ->lpush( 'goods_store' ,1); } echo $redis ->llen( 'goods_store' ); ?> |
搶購、描述邏輯
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<?php $conn =mysql_connect( "localhost" , "big" , "123456" ); if (! $conn ){ echo "connect failed" ; exit ; } mysql_select_db( "big" , $conn ); mysql_query( "set names utf8" ); $price =10; $user_id =1; $goods_id =1; $sku_id =11; $number =1; //生成唯一訂單號 function build_order_no(){ return date ( 'ymd' ). substr (implode(NULL, array_map ( 'ord' , str_split ( substr (uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8); } //記錄日志 function insertLog( $event , $type =0){ global $conn ; $sql ="insert into ih_log(event,type) values( '$event' , '$type' )"; mysql_query( $sql , $conn ); } //模擬下單操作 //下單前判斷redis隊列庫存量 $redis = new Redis(); $result = $redis ->connect( '127.0.0.1' ,6379); $count = $redis ->lpop( 'goods_store' ); if (! $count ){ insertLog( 'error:no store redis' ); return ; } //生成訂單 $order_sn =build_order_no(); $sql ="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price) values( '$order_sn' , '$user_id' , '$goods_id' , '$sku_id' , '$price' )"; $order_rs =mysql_query( $sql , $conn ); //庫存減少 $sql = "update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'" ; $store_rs =mysql_query( $sql , $conn ); if (mysql_affected_rows()){ insertLog( '庫存減少成功' ); } else { insertLog( '庫存減少失敗' ); } |
模擬5000高并發測試
webbench -c 5000 -t 60 http://192.168.1.198/big/index.php
ab -r -n 6000 -c 5000 http://192.168.1.198/big/index.php
上述只是簡單模擬高并發下的搶購,真實場景要比這復雜很多,很多注意的地方
如搶購頁面做成靜態的,通過ajax調用接口
再如上面的會導致一個用戶搶多個,思路:
需要一個排隊隊列和搶購結果隊列及庫存隊列。高并發情況,先將用戶進入排隊隊列,用一個線程循環處理從排隊隊列取出一個用戶,判斷用戶是否已在搶購結果隊列,如果在,則已搶購,否則未搶購,庫存減1,寫數據庫,將用戶入結果隊列。
測試數據表
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-- -- 數據庫: `big` -- -- -------------------------------------------------------- -- -- 表的結構 `ih_goods` -- CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_goods` ( `goods_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `cat_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `goods_name` varchar(255) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`goods_id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=2 ; -- -- 轉存表中的數據 `ih_goods` -- INSERT INTO `ih_goods` (`goods_id`, `cat_id`, `goods_name`) VALUES (1, 0, '小米手機' ); -- -------------------------------------------------------- -- -- 表的結構 `ih_log` -- CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_log` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `event` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `type` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' , `addtime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ; -- -- 轉存表中的數據 `ih_log` -- -- -------------------------------------------------------- -- -- 表的結構 `ih_order` -- CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_order` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `order_sn` char(32) NOT NULL, `user_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `status` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' , `goods_id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' , `sku_id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' , `price` float NOT NULL, `addtime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT= '訂單表' AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ; -- -- 轉存表中的數據 `ih_order` -- -- -------------------------------------------------------- -- -- 表的結構 `ih_store` -- CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_store` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `goods_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `sku_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' , `number` int(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' , `freez` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '虛擬庫存' , PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT= '庫存' AUTO_INCREMENT=2 ; -- -- 轉存表中的數據 `ih_store` -- INSERT INTO `ih_store` (`id`, `goods_id`, `sku_id`, `number`, `freez`) VALUES (1, 1, 11, 500, 0); |
以上就是小編為大家帶來的php結合redis實現高并發下的搶購、秒殺功能的實例全部內容了,希望大家多多支持服務器之家~