oracle提供了sqlldr的工具，有時需要講數據導入到文本，oracle的spool可以輕松實現。
方便的實現oracle導出數據到txt、txt導入數據到oracle。
一、導出數據到txt
用all_objects表做測試
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SQL> desc all_objects; Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- OWNER NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30) OBJECT_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30) SUBOBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(30) OBJECT_ID NOT NULL NUMBER DATA_OBJECT_ID NUMBER OBJECT_TYPE VARCHAR2(19) CREATED NOT NULL DATE LAST_DDL_TIME NOT NULL DATE TIMESTAMP VARCHAR2(19) STATUS VARCHAR2(7) TEMPORARY VARCHAR2(1) GENERATED VARCHAR2(1) SECONDARY VARCHAR2(1) |
拿object_id,object_name做導出、導入測試。
一些設置滿足數據導出的樣式：
vi exp_table.sql
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set line 1000 --設置行的長度set pagesize 0 --輸出不換頁set feedback off --默認的當一條sql發出的時候，oracle會給一個反饋，比如說創建表的時候，如果成功命令行會返回類似：Table created的反饋,off后不顯示反饋set heading off --不顯示表頭信息set trimspool on --如果trimspool設置為on，將移除spool文件中的尾部空set trims on --去掉空字符set echo off; --顯示start啟動的腳本中的每個sql命令，缺省為onset colsep '|' --設置分隔符set termout off --不在屏幕上顯示結果spool db1.txt --記錄數據到db1.txtselect object_id,object_name from all_objects; --導出數據語句spool off --收集完畢exit |
一切就緒后導出數據：
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[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test @exp_table.sql SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 16:35:14 2013Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsDisconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sed -i 's/ //g' db1.txt --可選，去除每行開頭部分的空格[oracle@centos5 ~]$ more db1.txt 20|ICOL$44|I_USER128|CON$15|UNDO$29|C_COBJ#3|I_OBJ#25|PROXY_ROLE_DATA$ |
導出后檢查數據的記錄數是否正確
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[oracle@centos5 ~]$ cat db1.txt |wc -l49988[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/testSQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 16:36:21 2013Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsSQL> select count(*) from all_objects; COUNT(*)---------- 49988 --數據正確 |
二、從txt導入數據到oracle
sqlldr是通過一個control文件設定后，從文本導入數據
建立一張測試表
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SQL> create table tb_sqlldr (id number,name varchar2(50));Table created. |
建立一個control文件
vi tb_sqlldr.ctl
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load data infile 'db1.txt' --數據來源文本append into table tb_sqlldr --數據導入到表tb_sqldr中，導入方式為追加，如果想覆蓋fields terminated by "|" --4、字段終止于X'09'，是一個制表符(tab)(id,name) --定義對應的字段名稱，注意順序 |
導入數據分成四種模式，可以根據需求選擇：
APPEND // 原先的表有數據 就加在后面
INSERT // 裝載空表 如果原先的表有數據 sqlloader會停止 默認值
REPLACE // 原先的表有數據 原先的數據會全部刪除
TRUNCATE // 指定的內容和replace的相同 會用truncate語句刪除現存數據
執行導入操作
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sqlldr userid=test/test control=tb_sqlldr.ctl |
差不多5w的數據短短2s解決
執行導入后驗證數據
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SQL> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr; COUNT(*)---------- 49988 |
導入成功
再執行一次導入操作，由于設置為追加：
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SQL> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr; COUNT(*)---------- 99976 |
記錄翻倍
sqlldr還有很多參數供選擇，比如log、bad這些，查看幫助即可。
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[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlldrSQL*Loader: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 17:07:26 2013Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.Usage: SQLLDR keyword=value [,keyword=value,...]Valid Keywords: userid -- ORACLE username/password control -- control file name log -- log file name bad -- bad file name data -- data file name discard -- discard file name discardmax -- number of discards to allow (Default all) skip -- number of logical records to skip (Default 0) load -- number of logical records to load (Default all) errors -- number of errors to allow (Default 50) rows -- number of rows in conventional path bind array or between direct path data saves (Default: Conventional path 64, Direct path all) bindsize -- size of conventional path bind array in bytes (Default 256000) silent -- suppress messages during run (header,feedback,errors,discards,partitions) direct -- use direct path (Default FALSE) parfile -- parameter file: name of file that contains parameter specifications parallel -- do parallel load (Default FALSE) file -- file to allocate extents from skip_unusable_indexes -- disallow/allow unusable indexes or index partitions (Default FALSE)skip_index_maintenance -- do not maintain indexes, mark affected indexes as unusable (Default FALSE)commit_discontinued -- commit loaded rows when load is discontinued (Default FALSE) readsize -- size of read buffer (Default 1048576)external_table -- use external table for load; NOT_USED, GENERATE_ONLY, EXECUTE (Default NOT_USED)columnarrayrows -- number of rows for direct path column array (Default 5000)streamsize -- size of direct path stream buffer in bytes (Default 256000)multithreading -- use multithreading in direct path resumable -- enable or disable resumable for current session (Default FALSE)resumable_name -- text string to help identify resumable statementresumable_timeout -- wait time (in seconds) for RESUMABLE (Default 7200)date_cache -- size (in entries) of date conversion cache (Default 1000)PLEASE NOTE: Command-line parameters may be specified either byposition or by keywords. An example of the former case is 'sqlldrscott/tiger foo'; an example of the latter is 'sqlldr control=foouserid=scott/tiger'. One may specify parameters by position beforebut not after parameters specified by keywords. For example,'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo logfile=log' is allowed, but'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo log' is not, even though theposition of the parameter 'log' is correct. |
總結
以上就是本文關于oracle數據與文本導入導出源碼示例的全部內容。
原文鏈接：http://www.jquerycn.cn/a_8123
