Iterator
定義
A Ruby iterator is simple a method that can invoke a block of code.
- Block 一般是跟著 method 出現的, 并且 block 中的代碼不一定會執行
- 如果 method 中有 yield, 那么它的block 中的代碼會被執行
- Block 可以接收參數，和返回 value
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def two_times yield yieldendtwo_times { puts "Hello" }# Hello# Hellodef fib_up_to(max) i1, i2 = 1. 1 while i1 <= max yield i1 i1, i2 = i2, i1 + i2 endendfib_up_to(1000) { |f| print f, " " }# 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987 |
上面代碼中的 yield 之后的 i1 會作為 parameter 傳入到 block 中， 賦值給 block 的 argument f。
Block 中可以有多個 arguments.
常見的 iterator
each
each is probable the simplest iterator - all it does is yield successive elements of its collection.
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[1, 3, 5, 7, 9].each { |i| puts i }# 1 # 3# 5# 7# 9 |
find
A blocl may also return a value to the method. The value of the last expression evaluated in the block is passed back to the method as the value of the yield.
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class Array def find each do |value| return value if yield(value) end endend[1,3,4,7,9].find { |v| V*V > 30 } # => 7 |
collect (also known as map)
Which takes each element from the collection and passes it to the block. The results returned by the block are used to construct a new array
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["H", "A", "L"].collect { |x| x.succ } # => ["I", "B", "M"] |
inject
The inject method lets you accumulate a value across the members of a collection.
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[1,3,5,7].inject { |sum, element| sum + element } # => 16# sum = 1, element = 3# sum = 4, element = 5# sum = 9, element = 7# sum = 16[1,3,5,6].inject { |product, element| product*element } # => 105 |
If inject is called with no parameter, it uses the first element of the collections as the initial value and starts the iteration with the second value.
上面代碼的另一種簡便寫法：
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[1,3,5,7].inject(:+) # => 16[1,3,5,7]/inject(:*) # => 105 |
Iterator 和 I/O 系統的交互
Iterators 不僅僅能夠訪問 Array 和 Hash 中的數據， 和可以和 I/O 系統交互
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f = File.open("testfile")f.each do |line| puts "The line is: #{line}"endf.close |
produces:
The line is: This is line one
The line is: This is line two
The line is: This is line three
