Ruby中的循環(huán)用于執(zhí)行相同的代碼塊指定的次數(shù)。本章將詳細(xì)介紹Ruby支持的循環(huán)語(yǔ)句。
Ruby while 語(yǔ)句:
語(yǔ)法:
while conditional [do]
code
end
執(zhí)行代碼當(dāng)條件為true時(shí)。while循環(huán)的條件是代碼中的保留字,換行,反斜杠(\)或一個(gè)分號(hào)隔開(kāi)。
實(shí)例:
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#!/usr/bin/ruby $i = 0 $num = 5 while $i < $num do puts( "Inside the loop i = #$i" ) $i += 1 end |
這將產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果:
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Inside the loop i = 0 Inside the loop i = 1 Inside the loop i = 2 Inside the loop i = 3 Inside the loop i = 4 |
Ruby while 修辭符:
語(yǔ)法:
code while condition
OR
begin
code
end while conditional
執(zhí)行代碼,當(dāng)條件為true。
如果while 修飾符緊跟一個(gè)begin 語(yǔ)句但是沒(méi)有 rescue 或 ensure 子句, 代碼被執(zhí)行前一次條件求值。
實(shí)例:
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#!/usr/bin/ruby $i = 0 $num = 5 begin puts( "Inside the loop i = #$i" ) $i += 1 end while $i < $num |
這將產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果:
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Inside the loop i = 0 Inside the loop i = 1 Inside the loop i = 2 Inside the loop i = 3 Inside the loop i = 4 |
Ruby until 語(yǔ)句:
until conditional [do]
code
end
執(zhí)行代碼當(dāng)條件為false。until 條件語(yǔ)句從代碼分離的保留字,換行符或分號(hào)。
語(yǔ)句:
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#!/usr/bin/ruby $i = 0 $num = 5 until $i > $num do puts( "Inside the loop i = #$i" ) $i += 1 ; end |
這將產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果:
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Inside the loop i = 0 Inside the loop i = 1 Inside the loop i = 2 Inside the loop i = 3 Inside the loop i = 4 Inside the loop i = 5 |
Ruby until 修辭符:
語(yǔ)法:
code until conditional
OR
begin
code
end until conditional
執(zhí)行代碼當(dāng)條件為 false。
如果 until 修辭符跟著 begin 語(yǔ)句但沒(méi)有 rescue 或 ensure 子句, 代碼一旦被執(zhí)行在條件求值之前。
例子:
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#!/usr/bin/ruby $i = 0 $num = 5 begin puts( "Inside the loop i = #$i" ) $i += 1 ; end until $i > $num |
這將產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果:
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Inside the loop i = 0 Inside the loop i = 1 Inside the loop i = 2 Inside the loop i = 3 Inside the loop i = 4 Inside the loop i = 5 |
Ruby for 語(yǔ)句:
語(yǔ)法:
for variable [, variable ...] in expression [do]
code
end
一次執(zhí)行代碼的每個(gè)元素在 in 表達(dá)式。
實(shí)例:
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#!/usr/bin/ruby for i in 0 .. 5 puts "Value of local variable is #{i}" end |
這里我們定義的范圍 0 .. 5 。因?yàn)樵谡Z(yǔ)句 for i in 0..5 將允許取值的范圍從0到5(含5),這將產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果:
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Value of local variable is 0 Value of local variable is 1 Value of local variable is 2 Value of local variable is 3 Value of local variable is 4 Value of local variable is 5 |
for...in 循環(huán)幾乎是完全等同于:
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(expression). each do |variable[, variable...]| code end |
除了一個(gè)for循環(huán)不創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的局部變量的范圍。一個(gè)循環(huán)的表情從代碼分離,保留字,一個(gè)換行符,或分號(hào)。
例子:
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#!/usr/bin/ruby ( 0 .. 5 ). each do |i| puts "Value of local variable is #{i}" end |
這將產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果:
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Value of local variable is 0 Value of local variable is 1 Value of local variable is 2 Value of local variable is 3 Value of local variable is 4 Value of local variable is 5 |
Ruby break 語(yǔ)句:
語(yǔ)法:
break
終止大多數(shù)內(nèi)部的循環(huán)。終止塊內(nèi)的方法返回nil如果調(diào)用的方法與相關(guān)塊。
實(shí)例:
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#!/usr/bin/ruby for i in 0 .. 5 if i > 2 then break end puts "Value of local variable is #{i}" end |
這將產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果:
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Value of local variable is 0 Value of local variable is 1 Value of local variable is 2 |
Ruby next 語(yǔ)句:
語(yǔ)法:
next
跳轉(zhuǎn)到最內(nèi)部循環(huán)的下一次迭代。如果調(diào)用塊一個(gè)塊內(nèi)終止執(zhí)行(帶 yield 或調(diào)用返回 nil )。
例子:
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#!/usr/bin/ruby for i in 0 .. 5 if i < 2 then next end puts "Value of local variable is #{i}" end |
這將產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果:
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Value of local variable is 2 Value of local variable is 3 Value of local variable is 4 Value of local variable is 5 |
Ruby redo 語(yǔ)句:
語(yǔ)法:
redo
會(huì)重新啟動(dòng)啟動(dòng)這個(gè)最內(nèi)部的循環(huán)迭代,而不檢查循環(huán)條件。
會(huì)重新啟動(dòng) yield or call ,如果一個(gè)塊內(nèi)調(diào)用。
例子:
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#!/usr/bin/ruby for i in 0 .. 5 if i < 2 then puts "Value of local variable is #{i}" redo end end |
這將產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果,將執(zhí)行無(wú)限循環(huán):
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Value of local variable is 0 Value of local variable is 0 ............................ |
Ruby retry 語(yǔ)句:
語(yǔ)法:
retry
如果 retry 表達(dá)出現(xiàn)在 rescue 子句,則從開(kāi)始重新開(kāi)始。
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begin do_something # exception raised rescue # handles error retry # restart from beginning end |
如果出現(xiàn)重試迭代,塊,或體內(nèi)的表達(dá),重新啟動(dòng)迭代調(diào)用。迭代器的參數(shù)條件將重新計(jì)算。
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for i in 1 .. 5 retry if some_condition # restart from i == 1 end |
實(shí)例:
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#!/usr/bin/ruby for i in 1 .. 5 retry if i > 2 puts "Value of local variable is #{i}" end |
這將產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果,將進(jìn)入無(wú)限循環(huán):
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Value of local variable is 1 Value of local variable is 2 Value of local variable is 1 Value of local variable is 2 Value of local variable is 1 Value of local variable is 2 ............................ |