現(xiàn)在大型的電子商務(wù)系統(tǒng),在數(shù)據(jù)庫層面大都采用讀寫分離技術(shù),就是一個Master數(shù)據(jù)庫,多個Slave數(shù)據(jù)庫。Master庫負(fù)責(zé)數(shù)據(jù)更新和實時數(shù)據(jù)查詢,Slave庫當(dāng)然負(fù)責(zé)非實時數(shù)據(jù)查詢。因為在實際的應(yīng)用中,數(shù)據(jù)庫都是讀多寫少(讀取數(shù)據(jù)的頻率高,更新數(shù)據(jù)的頻率相對較少),而讀取數(shù)據(jù)通常耗時比較長,占用數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器的CPU較多,從而影響用戶體驗。我們通常的做法就是把查詢從主庫中抽取出來,采用多個從庫,使用負(fù)載均衡,減輕每個從庫的查詢壓力。
采用讀寫分離技術(shù)的目標(biāo):有效減輕Master庫的壓力,又可以把用戶查詢數(shù)據(jù)的請求分發(fā)到不同的Slave庫,從而保證系統(tǒng)的健壯性。我們看下采用讀寫分離的背景。
隨著網(wǎng)站的業(yè)務(wù)不斷擴(kuò)展,數(shù)據(jù)不斷增加,用戶越來越多,數(shù)據(jù)庫的壓力也就越來越大,采用傳統(tǒng)的方式,比如:數(shù)據(jù)庫或者SQL的優(yōu)化基本已達(dá)不到要求,這個時候可以采用讀寫分離的策 略來改變現(xiàn)狀。
具體到開發(fā)中,如何方便的實現(xiàn)讀寫分離呢?目前常用的有兩種方式:
1 第一種方式是我們最常用的方式,就是定義2個數(shù)據(jù)庫連接,一個是MasterDataSource,另一個是SlaveDataSource。更新數(shù)據(jù)時我們讀取MasterDataSource,查詢數(shù)據(jù)時我們讀取SlaveDataSource。這種方式很簡單,我就不贅述了。
2 第二種方式動態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)源切換,就是在程序運行時,把數(shù)據(jù)源動態(tài)織入到程序中,從而選擇讀取主庫還是從庫。主要使用的技術(shù)是:annotation,Spring AOP ,反射。下面會詳細(xì)的介紹實現(xiàn)方式。
在介紹實現(xiàn)方式之前,我們先準(zhǔn)備一些必要的知識,spring 的AbstractRoutingDataSource 類
AbstractRoutingDataSource這個類 是spring2.0以后增加的,我們先來看下AbstractRoutingDataSource的定義:
public abstract class AbstractRoutingDataSource extends AbstractDataSource implements InitializingBean {}
AbstractRoutingDataSource繼承了AbstractDataSource ,而AbstractDataSource 又是DataSource 的子類。DataSource 是javax.sql 的數(shù)據(jù)源接口,定義如下:
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public interface DataSource extends CommonDataSource,Wrapper { /** * <p>Attempts to establish a connection with the data source that * this <code>DataSource</code> object represents. * * @return a connection to the data source * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs */ Connection getConnection() throws SQLException; /** * <p>Attempts to establish a connection with the data source that * this <code>DataSource</code> object represents. * * @param username the database user on whose behalf the connection is * being made * @param password the user's password * @return a connection to the data source * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs * @since 1.4 */ Connection getConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException; } |
DataSource 接口定義了2個方法,都是獲取數(shù)據(jù)庫連接。我們在看下AbstractRoutingDataSource 如何實現(xiàn)了DataSource接口:
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public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException { return determineTargetDataSource().getConnection(); } public Connection getConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException { return determineTargetDataSource().getConnection(username, password); } |
很顯然就是調(diào)用自己的determineTargetDataSource() 方法獲取到connection。determineTargetDataSource方法定義如下:
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protected DataSource determineTargetDataSource() { Assert.notNull( this .resolvedDataSources, "DataSource router not initialized" ); Object lookupKey = determineCurrentLookupKey(); DataSource dataSource = this .resolvedDataSources.get(lookupKey); if (dataSource == null && ( this .lenientFallback || lookupKey == null )) { dataSource = this .resolvedDefaultDataSource; } if (dataSource == null ) { throw new IllegalStateException( "Cannot determine target DataSource for lookup key [" + lookupKey + "]" ); } return dataSource; } |
我們最關(guān)心的還是下面2句話:
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Object lookupKey = determineCurrentLookupKey(); DataSource dataSource = this .resolvedDataSources.get(lookupKey); |
determineCurrentLookupKey方法返回lookupKey,resolvedDataSources方法就是根據(jù)lookupKey從Map中獲得數(shù)據(jù)源。resolvedDataSources 和determineCurrentLookupKey定義如下:
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private Map<Object, DataSource> resolvedDataSources; protected abstract Object determineCurrentLookupKey() |
看到以上定義,我們是不是有點思路了,resolvedDataSources是Map類型,我們可以把MasterDataSource和SlaveDataSource存到Map中,如下:
key | value |
master | MasterDataSource |
slave | SlaveDataSource |
我們在寫一個類DynamicDataSource 繼承AbstractRoutingDataSource,實現(xiàn)其determineCurrentLookupKey() 方法,該方法返回Map的key,master或slave。
好了,說了這么多,有點煩了,下面我們看下怎么實現(xiàn)。
上面已經(jīng)提到了我們要使用的技術(shù),我們先看下annotation的定義:
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@Retention (RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Target (ElementType.METHOD) public @interface DataSource { String value(); } |
我們還需要實現(xiàn)spring的抽象類AbstractRoutingDataSource,就是實現(xiàn)determineCurrentLookupKey方法:
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public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource { @Override protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return DynamicDataSourceHolder.getDataSouce(); } } public class DynamicDataSourceHolder { public static final ThreadLocal<String> holder = new ThreadLocal<String>(); public static void putDataSource(String name) { holder.set(name); } public static String getDataSouce() { return holder.get(); } } |
從DynamicDataSource 的定義看出,他返回的是DynamicDataSourceHolder.getDataSouce()值,我們需要在程序運行時調(diào)用DynamicDataSourceHolder.putDataSource()方法,對其賦值。下面是我們實現(xiàn)的核心部分,也就是AOP部分,DataSourceAspect定義如下:
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public class DataSourceAspect { public void before(JoinPoint point) { Object target = point.getTarget(); String method = point.getSignature().getName(); Class<?>[] classz = target.getClass().getInterfaces(); Class<?>[] parameterTypes = ((MethodSignature) point.getSignature()) .getMethod().getParameterTypes(); try { Method m = classz[ 0 ].getMethod(method, parameterTypes); if (m != null && m.isAnnotationPresent(DataSource. class )) { DataSource data = m .getAnnotation(DataSource. class ); DynamicDataSourceHolder.putDataSource(data.value()); System.out.println(data.value()); } } catch (Exception e) { // TODO: handle exception } } } |
為了方便測試,我定義了2個數(shù)據(jù)庫,shop模擬Master庫,test模擬Slave庫,shop和test的表結(jié)構(gòu)一致,但數(shù)據(jù)不同,數(shù)據(jù)庫配置如下:
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< bean id = "masterdataSource" class = "org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource" > < property name = "driverClassName" value = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> < property name = "url" value = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/shop" /> < property name = "username" value = "root" /> < property name = "password" value = "yangyanping0615" /> </ bean > < bean id = "slavedataSource" class = "org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource" > < property name = "driverClassName" value = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> < property name = "url" value = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test" /> < property name = "username" value = "root" /> < property name = "password" value = "yangyanping0615" /> </ bean > < beans:bean id = "dataSource" class = "com.air.shop.common.db.DynamicDataSource" > < property name = "targetDataSources" > < map key-type = "java.lang.String" > <!-- write --> < entry key = "master" value-ref = "masterdataSource" /> <!-- read --> < entry key = "slave" value-ref = "slavedataSource" /> </ map > </ property > < property name = "defaultTargetDataSource" ref = "masterdataSource" /> </ beans:bean > < bean id = "transactionManager" class = "org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager" > < property name = "dataSource" ref = "dataSource" /> </ bean > <!-- 配置SqlSessionFactoryBean --> < bean id = "sqlSessionFactory" class = "org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean" > < property name = "dataSource" ref = "dataSource" /> < property name = "configLocation" value = "classpath:config/mybatis-config.xml" /> </ bean > |
在spring的配置中增加aop配置
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<!-- 配置數(shù)據(jù)庫注解aop --> < aop:aspectj-autoproxy ></ aop:aspectj-autoproxy > < beans:bean id = "manyDataSourceAspect" class = "com.air.shop.proxy.DataSourceAspect" /> < aop:config > < aop:aspect id = "c" ref = "manyDataSourceAspect" > < aop:pointcut id = "tx" expression = "execution(* com.air.shop.mapper.*.*(..))" /> < aop:before pointcut-ref = "tx" method = "before" /> </ aop:aspect > </ aop:config > <!-- 配置數(shù)據(jù)庫注解aop --> |
下面是MyBatis的UserMapper的定義,為了方便測試,登錄讀取的是Master庫,用戶列表讀取Slave庫:
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public interface UserMapper { @DataSource ( "master" ) public void add(User user); @DataSource ( "master" ) public void update(User user); @DataSource ( "master" ) public void delete( int id); @DataSource ( "slave" ) public User loadbyid( int id); @DataSource ( "master" ) public User loadbyname(String name); @DataSource ( "slave" ) public List<User> list(); } |
好了,運行我們的Eclipse看看效果,輸入用戶名admin 登錄看看效果
以上就是本文的全部內(nèi)容,希望對大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持服務(wù)器之家。
原文鏈接:http://www.cnblogs.com/surge/p/3582248.html