springboot 對新人來說可能上手比springmvc要快，但是對于各位從springmvc轉戰到springboot的話，有些地方還需要適應下，尤其是xml配置。我個人是比較喜歡注解?xml是因為看著方便，查找方便，清晰明了。但是xml完全可以使用注解代替，今天就扒一扒springboot中事務使用注解的玩法。
springboot的事務也主要分為兩大類，一是xml聲明式事務，二是注解事務，注解事務也可以實現類似聲明式事務的方法，關于注解聲明式事務，目前網上搜索不到合適的資料，所以在這里，我將自己查找和總結的幾個方法寫到這里，大家共同探討
springboot 之 xml事務
可以使用 @ImportResource("classpath:transaction.xml") 引入該xml的配置，xml的配置如下
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd"> <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" ></property> </bean> <tx:advice id="cftxAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="query*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" ></tx:method> <tx:method name="get*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" ></tx:method> <tx:method name="select*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" ></tx:method> <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" ></tx:method> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut id="allManagerMethod" expression="execution (* com.exmaple.fm..service.*.*(..))" /> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="allManagerMethod" order="0" /> </aop:config></beans> |
springboot 啟動類如下：
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package com.example.fm;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;@ImportResource("classpath:transaction.xml")@SpringBootApplicationpublic class Application { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args); }} |
啟動后即可開啟事務，不過項目里導入了xml配置，如果不想導入xml配置，可以使用注解的方式。
springboot 之 注解事務
注解事務講解之前，需要先了解下spring創建代理的幾個類,在spring內部，是通過BeanPostProcessor來完成自動創建代理工作的。BeanPostProcessor接口的實現只是在ApplicationContext初始化的時候才會自動加載，而普通的BeanFactory只能通過編程的方式調用之。根據 匹配規則的不同大致分為三種類別：
a、匹配Bean的名稱自動創建匹配到的Bean的代理，實現類BeanNameAutoProxyCreator
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<bean id="testInterceptor" class="com.example.service.config.testInerceptor”></bean><bean id="profileAutoProxyCreator" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyProxyCreator"><bean><property name="beanNames"><list><value>*Service</value></list></property><property name="interceptorNames"><value> testInterceptor </value></property></bean> |
b、根據Bean中的AspectJ注解自動創建代理，實現類AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator
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<aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true"/><bean id="annotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreatorTest" class="com.example.service.AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreatorTest"/><aop:config> <aop:aspect ref="annotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreatorTest"> <aop:around method="process" pointcut="execution (* com.example.service.fm..*.*(..))"/> </aop:aspect></aop:config> |
c、根據Advisor的匹配機制自動創建代理，會對容器中所有的Advisor進行掃描，自動將這些切面應用到匹配的Bean中，實現類DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator
接下來開講注解開啟事務的方法：
1、Transactional注解事務
需要在進行事物管理的方法上添加注解@Transactional，或者偷懶的話直接在類上面添加該注解，使得所有的方法都進行事物的管理，但是依然需要在需要事務管理的類上都添加，工作量比較大，這里只是簡單說下，具體的可以google或者bing
2、注解聲明式事務
Component或Configuration中bean的區別，有時間我會專門寫一篇來講解下
a.方式1，這里使用Component或Configuration事務都可以生效
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package com.exmple.service.fm9.config;import java.util.Collections;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;import org.springframework.aop.Advisor;import org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJExpressionPointcut;import org.springframework.aop.support.DefaultPointcutAdvisor;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource;import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.RollbackRuleAttribute;import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.RuleBasedTransactionAttribute;import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAttribute;import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor;/** * Created by guozp on 2017/8/28. */@Aspect//@Component 事務依然生效@Configurationpublic class TxAdviceInterceptor { private static final int TX_METHOD_TIMEOUT = 5; private static final String AOP_POINTCUT_EXPRESSION = "execution (* com.alibaba.fm9..service.*.*(..))"; @Autowired private PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager; @Bean public TransactionInterceptor txAdvice() { NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource source = new NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource(); /*只讀事務，不做更新操作*/ RuleBasedTransactionAttribute readOnlyTx = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute(); readOnlyTx.setReadOnly(true); readOnlyTx.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED ); /*當前存在事務就使用當前事務，當前不存在事務就創建一個新的事務*/ RuleBasedTransactionAttribute requiredTx = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute(); requiredTx.setRollbackRules( Collections.singletonList(new RollbackRuleAttribute(Exception.class))); requiredTx.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED); requiredTx.setTimeout(TX_METHOD_TIMEOUT); Map<String, TransactionAttribute> txMap = new HashMap<>(); txMap.put("add*", requiredTx); txMap.put("save*", requiredTx); txMap.put("insert*", requiredTx); txMap.put("update*", requiredTx); txMap.put("delete*", requiredTx); txMap.put("get*", readOnlyTx); txMap.put("query*", readOnlyTx); source.setNameMap( txMap ); TransactionInterceptor txAdvice = new TransactionInterceptor(transactionManager, source); return txAdvice; } @Bean public Advisor txAdviceAdvisor() { AspectJExpressionPointcut pointcut = new AspectJExpressionPointcut(); pointcut.setExpression(AOP_POINTCUT_EXPRESSION); return new DefaultPointcutAdvisor(pointcut, txAdvice()); //return new DefaultPointcutAdvisor(pointcut, txAdvice); }} |
b.方式1，這里使用Component或Configuration事務都可以生效
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package com.exmple.service.fm9.config;import java.util.Collections;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJExpressionPointcutAdvisor;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource;import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.RollbackRuleAttribute;import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.RuleBasedTransactionAttribute;import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAttribute;import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAttributeSource;import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor;/** * Created by guozp on 2017/8/29. *///@Component 事務依然生效@Configurationpublic class TxAnoConfig { /*事務攔截類型*/ @Bean("txSource") public TransactionAttributeSource transactionAttributeSource(){ NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource source = new NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource(); /*只讀事務，不做更新操作*/ RuleBasedTransactionAttribute readOnlyTx = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute(); readOnlyTx.setReadOnly(true); readOnlyTx.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED ); /*當前存在事務就使用當前事務，當前不存在事務就創建一個新的事務*/ //RuleBasedTransactionAttribute requiredTx = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute(); //requiredTx.setRollbackRules( // Collections.singletonList(new RollbackRuleAttribute(Exception.class))); //requiredTx.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED); RuleBasedTransactionAttribute requiredTx = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, Collections.singletonList(new RollbackRuleAttribute(Exception.class))); requiredTx.setTimeout(5); Map<String, TransactionAttribute> txMap = new HashMap<>(); txMap.put("add*", requiredTx); txMap.put("save*", requiredTx); txMap.put("insert*", requiredTx); txMap.put("update*", requiredTx); txMap.put("delete*", requiredTx); txMap.put("get*", readOnlyTx); txMap.put("query*", readOnlyTx); source.setNameMap( txMap ); return source; } /**切面攔截規則 參數會自動從容器中注入*/ @Bean public AspectJExpressionPointcutAdvisor pointcutAdvisor(TransactionInterceptor txInterceptor){ AspectJExpressionPointcutAdvisor pointcutAdvisor = new AspectJExpressionPointcutAdvisor(); pointcutAdvisor.setAdvice(txInterceptor); pointcutAdvisor.setExpression("execution (* com.alibaba.fm9..service.*.*(..))"); return pointcutAdvisor; } /*事務攔截器*/ @Bean("txInterceptor") TransactionInterceptor getTransactionInterceptor(PlatformTransactionManager tx){ return new TransactionInterceptor(tx , transactionAttributeSource()) ; }} |
c.方式1，這里使用Component或Configuration事務都可以生效
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package com.exmple.service.fm9.config;import java.util.Properties;import org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor;/** * Created by guozp on 2017/8/28. * *///@Component@Configurationpublic class TxConfigBeanName { @Autowired private DataSourceTransactionManager transactionManager; // 創建事務通知 @Bean(name = "txAdvice") public TransactionInterceptor getAdvisor() throws Exception { Properties properties = new Properties(); properties.setProperty("get*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception,readOnly"); properties.setProperty("add*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception,readOnly"); properties.setProperty("save*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception,readOnly"); properties.setProperty("update*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception,readOnly"); properties.setProperty("delete*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception,readOnly"); TransactionInterceptor tsi = new TransactionInterceptor(transactionManager,properties); return tsi; } @Bean public BeanNameAutoProxyCreator txProxy() { BeanNameAutoProxyCreator creator = new BeanNameAutoProxyCreator(); creator.setInterceptorNames("txAdvice"); creator.setBeanNames("*Service", "*ServiceImpl"); creator.setProxyTargetClass(true); return creator; }} |
d.方式1，這里使用Component或Configuration并不是所有事務都可以生效，例如Configuration的時候如果打開注釋部分的而且不把代碼都移動到 defaultPointcutAdvisor()，事物會失效，具體原因暫時不明，如果各位有明白的，可以指點我下。
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ackage com.alibaba.fm9.config;import java.util.Properties;import javax.sql.DataSource;import org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJExpressionPointcut;import org.springframework.aop.support.DefaultPointcutAdvisor;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor;/** * Created by guozp on 2017/8/28. * ??????? */@Configuration //事務失效,都移動到一個方法不失效//@Component // 事務可行，不用都移動到一個方法public class TxOtherConfigDefaultBean { public static final String transactionExecution = "execution (* com.alibaba.fm9..service.*.*(..))"; @Autowired private PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager; //@Bean //@ConditionalOnMissingBean //public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager() { // return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource); //} @Bean public TransactionInterceptor transactionInterceptor() { Properties attributes = new Properties(); attributes.setProperty("get*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception"); attributes.setProperty("add*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception"); attributes.setProperty("update*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception"); attributes.setProperty("delete*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception"); //TransactionInterceptor txAdvice = new TransactionInterceptor(transactionManager(), attributes); TransactionInterceptor txAdvice = new TransactionInterceptor(transactionManager, attributes); return txAdvice; } //@Bean //public AspectJExpressionPointcut aspectJExpressionPointcut(){ // AspectJExpressionPointcut pointcut = new AspectJExpressionPointcut(); // pointcut.setExpression(transactionExecution); // return pointcut; //} @Bean public DefaultPointcutAdvisor defaultPointcutAdvisor(){ //AspectJExpressionPointcut pointcut = new AspectJExpressionPointcut(); //pointcut.setExpression(transactionExecution); //DefaultPointcutAdvisor advisor = new DefaultPointcutAdvisor(); //advisor.setPointcut(pointcut); //advisor.setAdvice(transactionInterceptor()); AspectJExpressionPointcut pointcut = new AspectJExpressionPointcut(); pointcut.setExpression(transactionExecution); DefaultPointcutAdvisor advisor = new DefaultPointcutAdvisor(); advisor.setPointcut(pointcut); Properties attributes = new Properties(); attributes.setProperty("get*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception"); attributes.setProperty("add*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception"); attributes.setProperty("update*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception"); attributes.setProperty("delete*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception"); TransactionInterceptor txAdvice = new TransactionInterceptor(transactionManager, attributes); advisor.setAdvice(txAdvice); return advisor; }} |
簡單來說，springboot使用上述注解的幾種方式開啟事物，可以達到和xml中聲明的同樣效果，但是卻告別了xml，使你的代碼遠離配置文件。
總結
以上所述是小編給大家介紹的SpringBoot 注解事務聲明式事務的方式，希望對大家有所幫助，如果大家有任何疑問請給我留言，小編會及時回復大家的。在此也非常感謝大家對服務器之家網站的支持！
原文鏈接：http://www.cnblogs.com/guozp/p/7446477.html
