本篇主要闡述Jedis對redis的五大類型的操作：字符串、列表、散列、集合、有序集合。
JedisUtil
這里的測試用例采用junit4進行運行，準備代碼如下：
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private static final String ipAddr = "10.10.195.112";private static final int port = 6379;private static Jedis jedis= null;@BeforeClass public static void init() { jedis = JedisUtil.getInstance().getJedis(ipAddr, port);}@AfterClass public static void close() { JedisUtil.getInstance().closeJedis(jedis,ipAddr, port);} |
其中JedisUtil是對jedis做的簡單封裝，代碼如下：
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import org.apache.log4j.Logger;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool;import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig;public class JedisUtil{ private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass().getName()); private JedisUtil(){ } private static class RedisUtilHolder{ private static final JedisUtil instance = new JedisUtil(); } public static JedisUtil getInstance(){ return RedisUtilHolder.instance; } private static Map<String,JedisPool> maps = new HashMap<String,JedisPool>(); private static JedisPool getPool(String ip, int port){ String key = ip+":"+port; JedisPool pool = null; if(!maps.containsKey(key)) { JedisPoolConfig config = new JedisPoolConfig(); config.setMaxActive(RedisConfig.MAX_ACTIVE); config.setMaxIdle(RedisConfig.MAX_IDLE); config.setMaxWait(RedisConfig.MAX_WAIT); config.setTestOnBorrow(true); config.setTestOnReturn(true); pool = new JedisPool(config,ip,port,RedisConfig.TIMEOUT); maps.put(key, pool); } else { pool = maps.get(key); } return pool; } public Jedis getJedis(String ip, int port) { Jedis jedis = null; int count = 0; do { try { jedis = getPool(ip,port).getResource(); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("get redis master1 failed!",e); getPool(ip,port).returnBrokenResource(jedis); } } while(jedis == null && count<RedisConfig.RETRY_NUM); return jedis; } public void closeJedis(Jedis jedis, String ip, int port){ if(jedis != null) { getPool(ip,port).returnResource(jedis); } }}public class RedisConfig{ //可用連接實例的最大數目，默認值為8； //如果賦值為-1，則表示不限制；如果pool已經分配了maxActive個jedis實例，則此時pool的狀態為exhausted(耗盡)。 public static int MAX_ACTIVE = 1024; //控制一個pool最多有多少個狀態為idle(空閑的)的jedis實例，默認值也是8。 public static int MAX_IDLE = 200; //等待可用連接的最大時間，單位毫秒，默認值為-1，表示永不超時。如果超過等待時間，則直接拋出JedisConnectionException； public static int MAX_WAIT = 10000; public static int TIMEOUT = 10000; public static int RETRY_NUM = 5;} |
鍵操作
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@Test public void testKey() throws InterruptedException { System.out.println("清空數據："+jedis.flushDB()); System.out.println("判斷某個鍵是否存在："+jedis.exists("username")); System.out.println("新增<'username','zzh'>的鍵值對："+jedis.set("username", "zzh")); System.out.println(jedis.exists("name")); System.out.println("新增<'password','password'>的鍵值對："+jedis.set("password", "password")); System.out.print("系統中所有的鍵如下："); Set<String> keys = jedis.keys("*"); System.out.println(keys); System.out.println("刪除鍵password:"+jedis.del("password")); System.out.println("判斷鍵password是否存在："+jedis.exists("password")); System.out.println("設置鍵username的過期時間為5s:"+jedis.expire("username", 5)); TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2); System.out.println("查看鍵username的剩余生存時間："+jedis.ttl("username")); System.out.println("移除鍵username的生存時間："+jedis.persist("username")); System.out.println("查看鍵username的剩余生存時間："+jedis.ttl("username")); System.out.println("查看鍵username所存儲的值的類型："+jedis.type("username")); } |
輸出結果：
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清空數據：OK判斷某個鍵是否存在：false新增<'username','zzh'>的鍵值對：OKfalse新增<'password','password'>的鍵值對：OK系統中所有的鍵如下：[username, password]刪除鍵password:1判斷鍵password是否存在：false設置鍵username的過期時間為5s:1查看鍵username的剩余生存時間：3移除鍵username的生存時間：1查看鍵username的剩余生存時間：-1查看鍵username所存儲的值的類型：string |
字符串操作
在Redis里面，字符串可以存儲三種類型的值：
字節串(byte string)
整數
浮點數
字節串
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@Test public void testString() throws InterruptedException { jedis.flushDB(); System.out.println("===========增加數據==========="); System.out.println(jedis.set("key1","value1")); System.out.println(jedis.set("key2","value2")); System.out.println(jedis.set("key3", "value3")); System.out.println("刪除鍵key2:"+jedis.del("key2")); System.out.println("獲取鍵key2:"+jedis.get("key2")); System.out.println("修改key1:"+jedis.set("key1", "value1Changed")); System.out.println("獲取key1的值："+jedis.get("key1")); System.out.println("在key3后面加入值："+jedis.append("key3", "End")); System.out.println("key3的值："+jedis.get("key3")); System.out.println("增加多個鍵值對："+jedis.mset("key01","value01","key02","value02","key03","value03")); System.out.println("獲取多個鍵值對："+jedis.mget("key01","key02","key03")); System.out.println("獲取多個鍵值對："+jedis.mget("key01","key02","key03","key04")); System.out.println("刪除多個鍵值對："+jedis.del(new String[]{ "key01","key02" } )); System.out.println("獲取多個鍵值對："+jedis.mget("key01","key02","key03")); jedis.flushDB(); System.out.println("===========新增鍵值對防止覆蓋原先值=============="); System.out.println(jedis.setnx("key1", "value1")); System.out.println(jedis.setnx("key2", "value2")); System.out.println(jedis.setnx("key2", "value2-new")); System.out.println(jedis.get("key1")); System.out.println(jedis.get("key2")); System.out.println("===========新增鍵值對并設置有效時間============="); System.out.println(jedis.setex("key3", 2, "value3")); System.out.println(jedis.get("key3")); TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3); System.out.println(jedis.get("key3")); System.out.println("===========獲取原值，更新為新值=========="); //GETSET is an atomic set this value and return the old value command. System.out.println(jedis.getSet("key2", "key2GetSet")); System.out.println(jedis.get("key2")); System.out.println("獲得key2的值的字串："+jedis.getrange("key2", 2, 4));} |
輸出結果：
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===========增加數據===========OKOKOK刪除鍵key2:1獲取鍵key2:null修改key1:OK獲取key1的值：value1Changed在key3后面加入值：9key3的值：value3End增加多個鍵值對：OK獲取多個鍵值對：[value01, value02, value03]獲取多個鍵值對：[value01, value02, value03, null]刪除多個鍵值對：2獲取多個鍵值對：[null, null, value03]===========新增鍵值對防止覆蓋原先值==============110value1value2===========新增鍵值對并設置有效時間=============OKvalue3null===========獲取原值，更新為新值==========value2key2GetSet獲得key2的值的字串：y2G |
memcached和redis同樣有append的操作，但是memcached有prepend的操作，redis中并沒有。
整數和浮點數
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@Test public void testNumber() { jedis.flushDB(); jedis.set("key1", "1"); jedis.set("key2", "2"); jedis.set("key3", "2.3"); System.out.println("key1的值："+jedis.get("key1")); System.out.println("key2的值："+jedis.get("key2")); System.out.println("key1的值加1："+jedis.incr("key1")); System.out.println("獲取key1的值："+jedis.get("key1")); System.out.println("key2的值減1："+jedis.decr("key2")); System.out.println("獲取key2的值："+jedis.get("key2")); System.out.println("將key1的值加上整數5："+jedis.incrBy("key1", 5)); System.out.println("獲取key1的值："+jedis.get("key1")); System.out.println("將key2的值減去整數5："+jedis.decrBy("key2", 5)); System.out.println("獲取key2的值："+jedis.get("key2")); } |
輸出結果：
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key1的值：1key2的值：2key1的值加1：2獲取key1的值：2key2的值減1：1獲取key2的值：1將key1的值加上整數5：7獲取key1的值：7將key2的值減去整數5：-4獲取key2的值：-4 |
在redis2.6或以上版本中有這個命令：incrbyfloat，即將鍵存儲的值加上浮點數amount，jedis-2.1.0中不支持這一操作。
列表
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@Test public void testList(){ jedis.flushDB(); System.out.println("===========添加一個list==========="); jedis.lpush("collections", "ArrayList", "Vector", "Stack", "HashMap", "WeakHashMap", "LinkedHashMap"); jedis.lpush("collections", "HashSet"); jedis.lpush("collections", "TreeSet"); jedis.lpush("collections", "TreeMap"); System.out.println("collections的內容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));//-1代表倒數第一個元素，-2代表倒數第二個元素 System.out.println("collections區間0-3的元素："+jedis.lrange("collections",0,3)); System.out.println("==============================="); // 刪除列表指定的值 ，第二個參數為刪除的個數（有重復時），后add進去的值先被刪，類似于出棧 System.out.println("刪除指定元素個數："+jedis.lrem("collections", 2, "HashMap")); System.out.println("collections的內容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1)); System.out.println("刪除下表0-3區間之外的元素："+jedis.ltrim("collections", 0, 3)); System.out.println("collections的內容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1)); System.out.println("collections列表出棧（左端）："+jedis.lpop("collections")); System.out.println("collections的內容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1)); System.out.println("collections添加元素，從列表右端，與lpush相對應："+jedis.rpush("collections", "EnumMap")); System.out.println("collections的內容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1)); System.out.println("collections列表出棧（右端）："+jedis.rpop("collections")); System.out.println("collections的內容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1)); System.out.println("修改collections指定下標1的內容："+jedis.lset("collections", 1, "LinkedArrayList")); System.out.println("collections的內容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1)); System.out.println("==============================="); System.out.println("collections的長度："+jedis.llen("collections")); System.out.println("獲取collections下標為2的元素："+jedis.lindex("collections", 2)); System.out.println("==============================="); jedis.lpush("sortedList", "3","6","2","0","7","4"); System.out.println("sortedList排序前："+jedis.lrange("sortedList", 0, -1)); System.out.println(jedis.sort("sortedList")); System.out.println("sortedList排序后："+jedis.lrange("sortedList", 0, -1));} |
輸出結果：
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===========添加一個list===========collections的內容：[TreeMap, TreeSet, HashSet, LinkedHashMap, WeakHashMap, HashMap, Stack, Vector, ArrayList]collections區間0-3的元素：[TreeMap, TreeSet, HashSet, LinkedHashMap]===============================刪除指定元素個數：1collections的內容：[TreeMap, TreeSet, HashSet, LinkedHashMap, WeakHashMap, Stack, Vector, ArrayList]刪除下表0-3區間之外的元素：OKcollections的內容：[TreeMap, TreeSet, HashSet, LinkedHashMap]collections列表出棧（左端）：TreeMapcollections的內容：[TreeSet, HashSet, LinkedHashMap]collections添加元素，從列表右端，與lpush相對應：4collections的內容：[TreeSet, HashSet, LinkedHashMap, EnumMap]collections列表出棧（右端）：EnumMapcollections的內容：[TreeSet, HashSet, LinkedHashMap]修改collections指定下標1的內容：OKcollections的內容：[TreeSet, LinkedArrayList, LinkedHashMap]===============================collections的長度：3獲取collections下標為2的元素：LinkedHashMap===============================sortedList排序前：[4, 7, 0, 2, 6, 3][0, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7]sortedList排序后：[4, 7, 0, 2, 6, 3] |
Redis中還有阻塞式的列表彈出命令以及在列表之間移動元素的命令：blpop, brpop, rpoplpush, brpoplpush等。
集合（Set）
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@Test public void testSet() { jedis.flushDB(); System.out.println("============向集合中添加元素============"); System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet", "e1","e2","e4","e3","e0","e8","e7","e5")); System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet", "e6")); System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet", "e6")); System.out.println("eleSet的所有元素為："+jedis.smembers("eleSet")); System.out.println("刪除一個元素e0："+jedis.srem("eleSet", "e0")); System.out.println("eleSet的所有元素為："+jedis.smembers("eleSet")); System.out.println("刪除兩個元素e7和e6："+jedis.srem("eleSet", "e7","e6")); System.out.println("eleSet的所有元素為："+jedis.smembers("eleSet")); System.out.println("隨機的移除集合中的一個元素："+jedis.spop("eleSet")); System.out.println("隨機的移除集合中的一個元素："+jedis.spop("eleSet")); System.out.println("eleSet的所有元素為："+jedis.smembers("eleSet")); System.out.println("eleSet中包含元素的個數："+jedis.scard("eleSet")); System.out.println("e3是否在eleSet中："+jedis.sismember("eleSet", "e3")); System.out.println("e1是否在eleSet中："+jedis.sismember("eleSet", "e1")); System.out.println("e1是否在eleSet中："+jedis.sismember("eleSet", "e5")); System.out.println("================================="); System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet1", "e1","e2","e4","e3","e0","e8","e7","e5")); System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet2", "e1","e2","e4","e3","e0","e8")); System.out.println("將eleSet1中刪除e1并存入eleSet3中："+jedis.smove("eleSet1", "eleSet3", "e1")); System.out.println("將eleSet1中刪除e2并存入eleSet3中："+jedis.smove("eleSet1", "eleSet3", "e2")); System.out.println("eleSet1中的元素："+jedis.smembers("eleSet1")); System.out.println("eleSet3中的元素："+jedis.smembers("eleSet3")); System.out.println("============集合運算================="); System.out.println("eleSet1中的元素："+jedis.smembers("eleSet1")); System.out.println("eleSet2中的元素："+jedis.smembers("eleSet2")); System.out.println("eleSet1和eleSet2的交集:"+jedis.sinter("eleSet1","eleSet2")); System.out.println("eleSet1和eleSet2的并集:"+jedis.sunion("eleSet1","eleSet2")); System.out.println("eleSet1和eleSet2的差集:"+jedis.sdiff("eleSet1","eleSet2"));//eleSet1中有，eleSet2中沒有 } |
輸出結果：
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============向集合中添加元素============810eleSet的所有元素為：[e3, e4, e1, e2, e0, e8, e7, e6, e5]刪除一個元素e0：1eleSet的所有元素為：[e3, e4, e1, e2, e8, e7, e6, e5]刪除兩個元素e7和e6：2eleSet的所有元素為：[e3, e4, e1, e2, e8, e5]隨機的移除集合中的一個元素：e5隨機的移除集合中的一個元素：e2eleSet的所有元素為：[e3, e4, e1, e8]eleSet中包含元素的個數：4e3是否在eleSet中：truee1是否在eleSet中：truee1是否在eleSet中：false=================================86將eleSet1中刪除e1并存入eleSet3中：1將eleSet1中刪除e2并存入eleSet3中：1eleSet1中的元素：[e3, e4, e0, e8, e7, e5]eleSet3中的元素：[e1, e2]============集合運算=================eleSet1中的元素：[e3, e4, e0, e8, e7, e5]eleSet2中的元素：[e3, e4, e1, e2, e0, e8]eleSet1和eleSet2的交集:[e3, e4, e0, e8]eleSet1和eleSet2的并集:[e3, e4, e1, e2, e0, e8, e7, e5]eleSet1和eleSet2的差集:[e7, e5] |
關于Set還有一些其他命令：srandmember, sdiffstore, sinterstore, sunionstore等。
散列
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@Test public void testHash() { jedis.flushDB(); Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("key1","value1"); map.put("key2","value2"); map.put("key3","value3"); map.put("key4","value4"); jedis.hmset("hash",map); jedis.hset("hash", "key5", "value5"); System.out.println("散列hash的所有鍵值對為："+jedis.hgetAll("hash"));//return Map<String,String> System.out.println("散列hash的所有鍵為："+jedis.hkeys("hash"));//return Set<String> System.out.println("散列hash的所有值為："+jedis.hvals("hash"));//return List<String> System.out.println("將key6保存的值加上一個整數，如果key6不存在則添加key6："+jedis.hincrBy("hash", "key6", 6)); System.out.println("散列hash的所有鍵值對為："+jedis.hgetAll("hash")); System.out.println("將key6保存的值加上一個整數，如果key6不存在則添加key6："+jedis.hincrBy("hash", "key6", 3)); System.out.println("散列hash的所有鍵值對為："+jedis.hgetAll("hash")); System.out.println("刪除一個或者多個鍵值對："+jedis.hdel("hash", "key2")); System.out.println("散列hash的所有鍵值對為："+jedis.hgetAll("hash")); System.out.println("散列hash中鍵值對的個數："+jedis.hlen("hash")); System.out.println("判斷hash中是否存在key2："+jedis.hexists("hash","key2")); System.out.println("判斷hash中是否存在key3："+jedis.hexists("hash","key3")); System.out.println("獲取hash中的值："+jedis.hmget("hash","key3")); System.out.println("獲取hash中的值："+jedis.hmget("hash","key3","key4")); } |
輸出結果：
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散列hash的所有鍵值對為：{key4=value4, key3=value3, key5=value5, key2=value2, key1=value1}散列hash的所有鍵為：[key4, key3, key5, key2, key1]散列hash的所有值為：[value4, value3, value1, value2, value5]將key6保存的值加上一個整數，如果key6不存在則添加key6：6散列hash的所有鍵值對為：{key4=value4, key3=value3, key6=6, key5=value5, key2=value2, key1=value1}將key6保存的值加上一個整數，如果key6不存在則添加key6：9散列hash的所有鍵值對為：{key4=value4, key3=value3, key6=9, key5=value5, key2=value2, key1=value1}刪除一個或者多個鍵值對：1散列hash的所有鍵值對為：{key4=value4, key3=value3, key6=9, key5=value5, key1=value1}散列hash中鍵值對的個數：5判斷hash中是否存在key2：false判斷hash中是否存在key3：true獲取hash中的值：[value3]獲取hash中的值：[value3, value4] |
有序集合
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@Test public void testSortedSet() { jedis.flushDB(); Map<Double,String> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put(1.2,"key2"); map.put(4.0, "key3"); map.put(5.0,"key4"); map.put(0.2,"key5"); System.out.println(jedis.zadd("zset", 3,"key1")); System.out.println(jedis.zadd("zset",map)); System.out.println("zset中的所有元素："+jedis.zrange("zset", 0, -1)); System.out.println("zset中的所有元素："+jedis.zrangeWithScores("zset", 0, -1)); System.out.println("zset中的所有元素："+jedis.zrangeByScore("zset", 0,100)); System.out.println("zset中的所有元素："+jedis.zrangeByScoreWithScores("zset", 0,100)); System.out.println("zset中key2的分值："+jedis.zscore("zset", "key2")); System.out.println("zset中key2的排名："+jedis.zrank("zset", "key2")); System.out.println("刪除zset中的元素key3："+jedis.zrem("zset", "key3")); System.out.println("zset中的所有元素："+jedis.zrange("zset", 0, -1)); System.out.println("zset中元素的個數："+jedis.zcard("zset")); System.out.println("zset中分值在1-4之間的元素的個數："+jedis.zcount("zset", 1, 4)); System.out.println("key2的分值加上5："+jedis.zincrby("zset", 5, "key2")); System.out.println("key3的分值加上4："+jedis.zincrby("zset", 4, "key3")); System.out.println("zset中的所有元素："+jedis.zrange("zset", 0, -1)); } |
輸出結果：
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14zset中的所有元素：[key5, key2, key1, key3, key4]zset中的所有元素：[[[107, 101, 121, 53],0.2], [[107, 101, 121, 50],1.2], [[107, 101, 121, 49],3.0], [[107, 101, 121, 51],4.0], [[107, 101, 121, 52],5.0]]zset中的所有元素：[key5, key2, key1, key3, key4]zset中的所有元素：[[[107, 101, 121, 53],0.2], [[107, 101, 121, 50],1.2], [[107, 101, 121, 49],3.0], [[107, 101, 121, 51],4.0], [[107, 101, 121, 52],5.0]]zset中key2的分值：1.2zset中key2的排名：1刪除zset中的元素key3：1zset中的所有元素：[key5, key2, key1, key4]zset中元素的個數：4zset中分值在1-4之間的元素的個數：2key2的分值加上5：6.2key3的分值加上4：4.0zset中的所有元素：[key5, key1, key3, key4, key2] |
有序集合還有諸如zinterstore, zunionstore, zremrangebyscore, zremrangebyrank, zrevrank, zrevrange, zrangebyscore等命令。
排序sort
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@Test public void testSort() { jedis.flushDB(); jedis.lpush("collections", "ArrayList", "Vector", "Stack", "HashMap", "WeakHashMap", "LinkedHashMap"); System.out.println("collections的內容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1)); SortingParams sortingParameters = new SortingParams(); System.out.println(jedis.sort("collections",sortingParameters.alpha())); System.out.println("==============================="); jedis.lpush("sortedList", "3","6","2","0","7","4"); System.out.println("sortedList排序前："+jedis.lrange("sortedList", 0, -1)); System.out.println("升序："+jedis.sort("sortedList", sortingParameters.asc())); System.out.println("升序："+jedis.sort("sortedList", sortingParameters.desc())); System.out.println("==============================="); jedis.lpush("userlist", "33"); jedis.lpush("userlist", "22"); jedis.lpush("userlist", "55"); jedis.lpush("userlist", "11"); jedis.hset("user:66", "name", "66"); jedis.hset("user:55", "name", "55"); jedis.hset("user:33", "name", "33"); jedis.hset("user:22", "name", "79"); jedis.hset("user:11", "name", "24"); jedis.hset("user:11", "add", "beijing"); jedis.hset("user:22", "add", "shanghai"); jedis.hset("user:33", "add", "guangzhou"); jedis.hset("user:55", "add", "chongqing"); jedis.hset("user:66", "add", "xi'an"); sortingParameters = new SortingParams(); sortingParameters.get("user:*->name"); sortingParameters.get("user:*->add"); System.out.println(jedis.sort("userlist",sortingParameters)); } |
輸出結果：
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collections的內容：[LinkedHashMap, WeakHashMap, HashMap, Stack, Vector, ArrayList][ArrayList, HashMap, LinkedHashMap, Stack, Vector, WeakHashMap]===============================sortedList排序前：[4, 7, 0, 2, 6, 3]升序：[0, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7]升序：[7, 6, 4, 3, 2, 0]===============================[24, beijing, 79, shanghai, 33, guangzhou, 55, chongqing] |
總結
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