引言:循環依賴就是N個類中循環嵌套引用,如果在日常開發中我們用new 對象的方式發生這種循環依賴的話程序會在運行時一直循環調用,直至內存溢出報錯。下面說一下spring是如果解決循環依賴的。
第一種:構造器參數循環依賴
Spring容器會將每一個正在創建的Bean 標識符放在一個“當前創建Bean池”中,Bean標識符在創建過程中將一直保持
在這個池中,因此如果在創建Bean過程中發現自己已經在“當前創建Bean池”里時將拋出
BeanCurrentlyInCreationException異常表示循環依賴;而對于創建完畢的Bean將從“當前創建Bean池”中清除掉。
首先我們先初始化三個Bean。
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public class StudentA { private StudentB studentB ; public void setStudentB(StudentB studentB) { this .studentB = studentB; } public StudentA() { } public StudentA(StudentB studentB) { this .studentB = studentB; } } |
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public class StudentB { private StudentC studentC ; public void setStudentC(StudentC studentC) { this .studentC = studentC; } public StudentB() { } public StudentB(StudentC studentC) { this .studentC = studentC; } } |
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public class StudentC { private StudentA studentA ; public void setStudentA(StudentA studentA) { this .studentA = studentA; } public StudentC() { } public StudentC(StudentA studentA) { this .studentA = studentA; } } |
OK,上面是很基本的3個類,,StudentA有參構造是StudentB。StudentB的有參構造是StudentC,StudentC的有參構造是StudentA ,這樣就產生了一個循環依賴的情況,
我們都把這三個Bean交給Spring管理,并用有參構造實例化
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< bean id = "a" class = "com.zfx.student.StudentA" > < constructor-arg index = "0" ref = "b" ></ constructor-arg > </ bean > < bean id = "b" class = "com.zfx.student.StudentB" > < constructor-arg index = "0" ref = "c" ></ constructor-arg > </ bean > < bean id = "c" class = "com.zfx.student.StudentC" > < constructor-arg index = "0" ref = "a" ></ constructor-arg > </ bean > |
下面是測試類:
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public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml" ); //System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class)); } } |
執行結果報錯信息為:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:
Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
如果大家理解開頭那句話的話,這個報錯應該不驚訝,Spring容器先創建單例StudentA,StudentA依賴StudentB,然后將A放在“當前創建Bean池”中,此時創建StudentB,StudentB依賴StudentC ,然后將B放在“當前創建Bean池”中,此時創建StudentC,StudentC又依賴StudentA, 但是,此時Student已經在池中,所以會報錯,,因為在池中的Bean都是未初始化完的,所以會依賴錯誤 ,(初始化完的Bean會從池中移除)
第二種:setter方式單例,默認方式
如果要說setter方式注入的話,我們最好先看一張Spring中Bean實例化的圖
如圖中前兩步驟得知:Spring是先將Bean對象實例化之后再設置對象屬性的
修改配置文件為set方式注入:
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<!--scope="singleton"(默認就是單例方式) --> < bean id = "a" class = "com.zfx.student.StudentA" scope = "singleton" > < property name = "studentB" ref = "b" ></ property > </ bean > < bean id = "b" class = "com.zfx.student.StudentB" scope = "singleton" > < property name = "studentC" ref = "c" ></ property > </ bean > < bean id = "c" class = "com.zfx.student.StudentC" scope = "singleton" > < property name = "studentA" ref = "a" ></ property > </ bean > |
下面是測試類:
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public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml" ); System.out.println(context.getBean( "a" , StudentA. class )); } } |
打印結果為:
com.zfx.student.StudentA@1fbfd6
為什么用set方式就不報錯了呢 ?
我們結合上面那張圖看,Spring先是用構造實例化Bean對象 ,此時Spring會將這個實例化結束的對象放到一個Map中,并且Spring提供了獲取這個未設置屬性的實例化對象引用的方法。 結合我們的實例來看,,當Spring實例化了StudentA、StudentB、StudentC后,緊接著會去設置對象的屬性,此時StudentA依賴StudentB,就會去Map中取出存在里面的單例StudentB對象,以此類推,不會出來循環的問題嘍、
下面是Spring源碼中的實現方法,。以下的源碼在Spring的Bean包中的DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.Java類中
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/** Cache of singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(緩存單例實例化對象的Map集合) */ private final Map<String, Object> singletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object>( 64 ); /** Cache of singleton factories: bean name --> ObjectFactory(單例的工廠Bean緩存集合) */ private final Map<String, ObjectFactory> singletonFactories = new HashMap<String, ObjectFactory>( 16 ); /** Cache of early singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(早期的單身對象緩存集合) */ private final Map<String, Object> earlySingletonObjects = new HashMap<String, Object>( 16 ); /** Set of registered singletons, containing the bean names in registration order(單例的實例化對象名稱集合) */ private final Set<String> registeredSingletons = new LinkedHashSet<String>( 64 ); /** * 添加單例實例 * 解決循環引用的問題 * Add the given singleton factory for building the specified singleton * if necessary. * <p>To be called for eager registration of singletons, e.g. to be able to * resolve circular references. * @param beanName the name of the bean * @param singletonFactory the factory for the singleton object */ protected void addSingletonFactory(String beanName, ObjectFactory singletonFactory) { Assert.notNull(singletonFactory, "Singleton factory must not be null" ); synchronized ( this .singletonObjects) { if (! this .singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName)) { this .singletonFactories.put(beanName, singletonFactory); this .earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName); this .registeredSingletons.add(beanName); } } } |
第三種:setter方式原型,prototype
修改配置文件為:
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< bean id = "a" class = "com.zfx.student.StudentA" <span style = "color:#FF0000;" >scope="prototype"</ span >> < property name = "studentB" ref = "b" ></ property > </ bean > < bean id = "b" class = "com.zfx.student.StudentB" <span style = "color:#FF0000;" >scope="prototype"</ span >> < property name = "studentC" ref = "c" ></ property > </ bean > < bean id = "c" class = "com.zfx.student.StudentC" <span style = "color:#FF0000;" >scope="prototype"</ span >> < property name = "studentA" ref = "a" ></ property > </ bean > |
scope="prototype" 意思是 每次請求都會創建一個實例對象。兩者的區別是:有狀態的bean都使用Prototype作用域,無狀態的一般都使用singleton單例作用域。
測試用例:
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public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml" ); <strong> //此時必須要獲取Spring管理的實例,因為現在scope="prototype" 只有請求獲取的時候才會實例化對象</strong> System.out.println(context.getBean( "a" , StudentA. class )); } } |
打印結果:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
為什么原型模式就報錯了呢 ?
對于“prototype”作用域Bean,Spring容器無法完成依賴注入,因為“prototype”作用域的Bean,Spring容
器不進行緩存,因此無法提前暴露一個創建中的Bean。
以上就是本文的全部內容,希望對大家的學習有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持服務器之家。
原文鏈接:https://www.cnblogs.com/1ning/p/6963869.html