最近開始接觸SpringMVC這個框架,這個框架使用起來很方便,框架搭起來之后,寫起代碼幾乎都是一個模式。當然要走到這一步必須保證你的SpringMVC的相關配置都已經完成,并且配置正確!
作為我的關于S平ringMVC的首篇博客,本篇博客主要說名如何配置SpringMVC,并且可以使之正常的返回Bean實體,這里的bean實體一般返回到前端都是以Json字符串的形式返回的。
使用的開發工具為eclipse,這個也是比較大眾化的開發工具了,算的上是人人都會使用的了,只是熟練程度不一樣!
具體的配置如下:
web.xml:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < web-app xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns = "http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd" id = "WebApp_ID" version = "3.1" > < context-param > < param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name > < param-value >classpath:applicationContext.xml</ param-value > </ context-param > < listener > < listener-class >org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</ listener-class > </ listener > < display-name >ReturnJsonDemo</ display-name > < welcome-file-list > < welcome-file >index.jsp</ welcome-file > </ welcome-file-list > < servlet > < servlet-name >dispatcher</ servlet-name > < servlet-class >org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</ servlet-class > < init-param > < param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name > < param-value >classpath:dispatcher-servlet.xml</ param-value > </ init-param > </ servlet > < servlet-mapping > < servlet-name >dispatcher</ servlet-name > < url-pattern >/</ url-pattern > </ servlet-mapping > </ web-app > |
dispatcher-servlet.xml:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd"> < mvc:default-servlet-handler /> < context:component-scan base-package = "com.zyq.springmvc.controller" > < context:exclude-filter type = "annotation" expression = "org.springframework.stereotype.Service" /> </ context:component-scan > < context:annotation-config /> < mvc:annotation-driven > < mvc:message-converters > < bean class = "org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter" > < property name = "supportedMediaTypes" > < list > < value >text/plain;charset=UTF-8</ value > < value >text/html;charset=UTF-8</ value > </ list > </ property > </ bean > < bean class = "org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter" > < property name = "supportedMediaTypes" > < list > < value >application/json; charset=UTF-8</ value > < value >application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8</ value > </ list > </ property > </ bean > </ mvc:message-converters > </ mvc:annotation-driven > </ beans > |
還有一個applicationContext.xml,不過我的里面什么都沒有寫,我就不給出了!
新建一個index.jsp,這個作為主界面用來測試各個接口的返回值是否正常!這里也給出代碼:
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<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> < html > < head > < meta http-equiv = "Content-Type" content = "text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" > < title >Main Page</ title > </ head > < body > < h1 >Welcome Main Page!!!</ h1 > < form action = "/ReturnJsonDemo/first" > < input type = "submit" value = "first" /> </ form > < form action = "/ReturnJsonDemo/second" > < input type = "submit" value = "second" /> </ form > < form action = "/ReturnJsonDemo/third" > < input type = "submit" value = "third" /> </ form > < form action = "/ReturnJsonDemo/fourth" > < input type = "submit" value = "fourth" /> </ form > </ body > </ html > |
到這里基本上配置方面的都完成了,然后是申明一個Controller,具體的代碼也比較簡單,基本上都是固定的格式!
MainController.java
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package com.zyq.springmvc.controller; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import com.zyq.springmvc.bean.CommonBean; import com.zyq.springmvc.bean.SonBean; @Controller public class MainController { @RequestMapping("/first") @ResponseBody public CommonBean getFirst(){ CommonBean bean = new CommonBean(); bean.setResultCode("success"); bean.setTimeStamp(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss").format(System.currentTimeMillis())); bean.setData("this is first message"); return bean; } @RequestMapping("/second") @ResponseBody public CommonBean getSecond(){ CommonBean bean = new CommonBean(); bean.setResultCode("success"); bean.setTimeStamp(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss").format(System.currentTimeMillis())); List< String > data = new ArrayList<>(); data.add("JAVA"); data.add("C"); data.add("PYTHON"); data.add("C++"); bean.setData(data); return bean; } @RequestMapping("/third") @ResponseBody public CommonBean getThird(){ CommonBean bean = new CommonBean(); bean.setResultCode("success"); bean.setTimeStamp(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss").format(System.currentTimeMillis())); Map< String , String> data = new HashMap<>(); data.put("first", "JAVA"); data.put("second","PYTHON"); data.put("third", "C++"); data.put("fourth", "C"); bean.setData(data); return bean; } @RequestMapping("/fourth") @ResponseBody public CommonBean getFourth(){ CommonBean bean = new CommonBean(); bean.setResultCode("success"); bean.setTimeStamp(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss").format(System.currentTimeMillis())); SonBean sonBean = new SonBean(); sonBean.setAge(25); sonBean.setName("Hacker's Delight"); sonBean.setGender("male"); bean.setData(sonBean); return bean; } } |
代碼的運行效果如下:
好像不同瀏覽器對于接口的請求操作不一樣,在使用eclipse請求接口,會讓下載一個json文件,文件的內容就是一個json字符串。
在配置完整的工程需要用到springframework的jar包,jackson的相關jar包,我使用的tomcat8.5在運行的時候提示報錯,需要引入common-log的jar包。
在聲明一個返回json字符串的接口時,一定要使用@ResponseBody注解,這個注解會將接口的返回數據寫入response中的body區域,也就是重新傳回前端。
在我測試的時候遇到一個問題,在返回bean的時候,只能返回類包裹,不能返回類繼承或者接口繼承,舉個例子:
如果你返回一個ParentBean,其內部包含一個ChildBean,這樣是ok!
如果在接口定義時,返回的是一個父類,而實際返回的是它的子類,這時候匯報錯誤,提示無法將子類轉換成父類,就相當于你不能將String對象轉換成object對象,關于這方面應該是根據父類無法查找子類的屬性,導致無法正常將bean對象轉換成json字符串,所以在框架中不允許在接口中聲明bean而返回的是bean的子類(這些原因都只是個人猜測,具體的原因還需要分析框架中的代碼)!
好了,關于返回json字符串就說到這里了!附上demo的源碼,需要的jar包也在里面,需要的可以自己去下載!
以上這篇使用SpringMVC返回json字符串的實例講解就是小編分享給大家的全部內容了,希望能給大家一個參考,也希望大家多多支持服務器之家。
原文鏈接:https://blog.csdn.net/u011043551/article/details/79056184