1 請求和響應
1.1 請求
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# 請求對象# from rest_framework.request import Request def __init__(self, request, parsers=None, authenticators=None, negotiator=None, parser_context=None): # 二次封裝request，將原生request作為drf request對象的 _request 屬性 self._request = request def __getattr__（self，item）： return getattr(self._request,item)# 請求對象.data:前端以三種編碼方式傳入的數據，都可以取出來# 請求對象..query_params 與Django標準的request.GET相同，只是更換了更正確的名稱而已。 |
1.2 響應
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#from rest_framework.response import Response def __init__(self, data=None, status=None, template_name=None, headers=None, exception=False, content_type=None): #data：你要返回的數據，字典#status：返回的狀態碼，默認是200， -from rest_framework import status在這個路徑下，它把所有使用到的狀態碼都定義成了常量#template_name 渲染的模板名字（自定制模板），不需要了解#headers:響應頭，可以往響應頭放東西，就是一個字典#content_type：響應的編碼格式，application/json和text/html;# 瀏覽器響應成瀏覽器的格式，postman響應成json格式，通過配置實現的（默認配置）#不管是postman還是瀏覽器，都返回json格式數據# drf有默認的配置文件---》先從項目的setting中找，找不到，采用默認的# drf的配置信息，先從自己類中找--》項目的setting中找---》默認的找 -局部使用:對某個視圖類有效 -在視圖類中寫如下 from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer renderer_classes=[JSONRenderer,] -全局使用：全局的視圖類，所有請求，都有效 -在setting.py中加入如下 REST_FRAMEWORK = { 'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES': ( # 默認響應渲染類 'rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer', # json渲染器 'rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer', # 瀏覽API渲染器 ) } |
2 視圖
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# 兩個視圖基類APIViewGenericAPIView |
2.1 基于APIView寫接口
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#### views.pyfrom rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIViewfrom app01.models import Bookfrom app01.ser import BookSerializer# 基于APIView寫的class BookView(APIView): def get(self,request): book_list=Book.objects.all() book_ser=BookSerializer(book_list,many=True) return Response(book_ser.data) def post(self,request): book_ser = BookSerializer(data=request.data) if book_ser.is_valid(): book_ser.save() return Response(book_ser.data) else: return Response({'status':101,'msg':'校驗失敗'})class BookDetailView(APIView): def get(self, request,pk): book = Book.objects.all().filter(pk=pk).first() book_ser = BookSerializer(book) return Response(book_ser.data) def put(self, request,pk): book = Book.objects.all().filter(pk=pk).first() book_ser = BookSerializer(instance=book,data=request.data) if book_ser.is_valid(): book_ser.save() return Response(book_ser.data) else: return Response({'status': 101, 'msg': '校驗失敗'}) def delete(self,request,pk): ret=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete() return Response({'status': 100, 'msg': '刪除成功'}) #models.pyclass Book(models.Model): name=models.CharField(max_length=32) price=models.DecimalField(max_digits=5,decimal_places=2) publish=models.CharField(max_length=32)#ser.pyclass BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model=Book fields='__all__'# urls.pypath('books/', views.BookView.as_view()),re_path('books/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.BookDetailView.as_view()), |
2.2 基于GenericAPIView寫的接口
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# views.pyclass Book2View(GenericAPIView): #queryset要傳queryset對象，查詢了所有的圖書 # serializer_class使用哪個序列化類來序列化這堆數據 queryset=Book.objects # queryset=Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializer def get(self,request): book_list=self.get_queryset() book_ser=self.get_serializer(book_list,many=True) return Response(book_ser.data) def post(self,request): book_ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data) if book_ser.is_valid(): book_ser.save() return Response(book_ser.data) else: return Response({'status':101,'msg':'校驗失敗'})class Book2DetailView(GenericAPIView): queryset = Book.objects serializer_class = BookSerializer def get(self, request,pk): book = self.get_object() book_ser = self.get_serializer(book) return Response(book_ser.data) def put(self, request,pk): book = self.get_object() book_ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book,data=request.data) if book_ser.is_valid(): book_ser.save() return Response(book_ser.data) else: return Response({'status': 101, 'msg': '校驗失敗'}) def delete(self,request,pk): ret=self.get_object().delete() return Response({'status': 100, 'msg': '刪除成功'}) #url.py # 使用GenericAPIView重寫的 path('books2/', views.Book2View.as_view()), re_path('books2/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.Book2DetailView.as_view()), |
2.3 基于GenericAPIView和5個視圖擴展類寫的接口
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from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin# views.pyclass Book3View(GenericAPIView,ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin): queryset=Book.objects serializer_class = BookSerializer def get(self,request): return self.list(request) def post(self,request): return self.create(request)class Book3DetailView(GenericAPIView,RetrieveModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin): queryset = Book.objects serializer_class = BookSerializer def get(self, request,pk): return self.retrieve(request,pk) def put(self, request,pk): return self.update(request,pk) def delete(self,request,pk): return self.destroy(request,pk)# urls.py # 使用GenericAPIView+5 個視圖擴展類 重寫的 path('books3/', views.Book3View.as_view()), re_path('books3/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.Book3DetailView.as_view()), |
2.4 使用ModelViewSet編寫5個接口
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# views.pyfrom rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSetclass Book5View(ModelViewSet): #5個接口都有，但是路由有點問題 queryset = Book.objects serializer_class = BookSerializer # urls.py# 使用ModelViewSet編寫5個接口 path('books5/', views.Book5View.as_view(actions={'get':'list','post':'create'})), #當路徑匹配，又是get請求，會執行Book5View的list方法 re_path('books5/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.Book5View.as_view(actions={'get':'retrieve','put':'update','delete':'destroy'})), |
2.5 源碼分析ViewSetMixin
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# 重寫了as_view# 核心代碼（所以路由中只要配置了對應關系，比如{'get':'list'}）,當get請求來，就會執行list方法for method, action in actions.items(): #method：get # action：list handler = getattr(self, action) #執行完上一句，handler就變成了list的內存地址 setattr(self, method, handler) #執行完上一句 對象.get=list #for循環執行完畢 對象.get:對著list 對象.post：對著create |
2.6 繼承ViewSetMixin的視圖類
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# views.pyfrom rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSetMixinclass Book6View(ViewSetMixin,APIView): #一定要放在APIVIew前 def get_all_book(self,request): print("xxxx") book_list = Book.objects.all() book_ser = BookSerializer(book_list, many=True) return Response(book_ser.data) # urls.py #繼承ViewSetMixin的視圖類，路由可以改寫成這樣 path('books6/', views.Book6View.as_view(actions={'get': 'get_all_book'})), |
什么是正向代理，什么是反向代理
正向代理代理的對象是客戶端，反向代理代理的對象是服務端
到此這篇關于DRF之請求與響應的實現的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關DRF 請求與響應內容請搜索服務器之家以前的文章或繼續瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大家以后多多支持服務器之家！
原文鏈接：https://www.cnblogs.com/zhenghuiwen/p/13274903.html
