linux進程間通信——命名管道
fifo(命名管道)不同于匿名管道之處在于它提供?個路徑名與之關(guān)聯(lián),以fifo的?件形式存儲于?件系統(tǒng)中。命名管道是?個設(shè)備?件,因此,即使進程與創(chuàng)建fifo的進程不存在親緣關(guān)系,只要可以訪問該路徑,就能夠通過fifo相互通信。值得注意的是,fifo(first input first output)總是按照先進先出的原則?作,第?個被寫?的數(shù)據(jù)將?先從管道中讀出。
創(chuàng)建命名管道的系統(tǒng)函數(shù)有兩個:mknod和mkfifo。兩個函數(shù)均定義在頭?件sys/stat.h,函數(shù)原型如下:
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#include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> int mknod( const char *path,mode_t mod,dev_t dev); int mkfifo( const char *path,mode_t mode); |
函數(shù)mknod參數(shù)中path為創(chuàng)建的命名管道的全路徑名:mod為創(chuàng)建的命名管道的模式,指明其存取權(quán)限;dev為設(shè)備值,該值取決于?件創(chuàng)建的種類,它只在創(chuàng)建設(shè)備?件時才會?到。這兩個函數(shù)調(diào)?成功都返回0,失敗都返回-1。下?使?mknod函數(shù)創(chuàng)建了?個命名管道:
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umask(0); if (mknod( "/tmp/fifo" ,s_ififo | 0666) == -1) { perror ( "mkfifo error" ); exit (1); } |
函數(shù)mkfifo前兩個參數(shù)的含義和mknod相同。下?是使?mkfifo的?例代碼:
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umask(0); if (mkfifo( "/tmp/fifo" ,s_ififo|0666) == -1) { perror ( "mkfifo error!" ); exit (1); } |
下面為一個試例:
read端
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#include<stdlib.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<sys/types.h> #include<sys/stat.h> #include<fcntl.h> #include<errno.h> #define path "./fifo" #define size 128 int main() { umask(0); if (mkfifo (path,0666|s_ififo) == -1) { perror ( "mkefifo error" ); exit (0); } int fd = open (path,o_rdonly); if (fd<0) { printf ( "open fd is error\n" ); return 0; } char buf[size]; while (1){ ssize_t s = read(fd,buf, sizeof (buf)); if (s<0) { perror ( "read error" ); exit (1); } else if (s == 0) { printf ( "client quit! i shoud quit!\n" ); break ; } else { buf[s] = '\0' ; printf ( "client# %s " ,buf); fflush (stdout); } } close (fd); return 3; } |
下面為weite端:
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#include<stdlib.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<sys/types.h> #include<sys/stat.h> #include<string.h> #include<errno.h> #include<fcntl.h> #define path "./fifo" #define size 128 int main() { int fd = open(path,o_wronly); if (fd < 0) { perror ( "open error" ); exit (0); } char buf[size]; while (1) { printf ( "please enter#:" ); fflush (stdout); ssize_t s = read(0,buf, sizeof (buf)); if (s<0) { perror ( "read is failed" ); exit (1); } else if (s==0) { printf ( "read is closed!" ); return 1; } else { buf[s]= '\0' ; write(fd,buf, strlen (buf)); } } return 0; } |
打開兩個終端:
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原文鏈接:http://blog.csdn.net/qq_35116353/article/details/59117339