前言
這篇文章主要是介紹一下Android Intent,并且從Android源碼的角度對Intent查詢匹配過程進行分析。
Intent介紹
Intent的中文是“意圖”的意思,而意圖是一個非常抽象的概念,那么在Android的編碼設計中,如何實例化意圖呢?因此Android系統明確指定一個Intent可由兩方面屬性來衡量。
主要屬性:包括Action和Data。其中Action用于表示該Intent所表達的動作意圖,Data用于表示該Action所操作的數據。
次要屬性:包括Category、Type、Component和Extras。其中Category表示類別,Type表示數據的MIME類型,Component可用于指定特定的Intent的響應者(例如指定intent為某個包下的某個class類),Extras用于承載其他的信息。
Android系統中主要有兩種類型的Intent,顯示Intent(Explicit Intent)和隱式Intent(Implicit Intent)。
Explicit Intent:這類Intent明確指明了要找哪個Component。在代碼中可以通過setClassName或者setComponent來鎖定目標對象。
Implicit Intent:這類Intent不明確指明要啟動哪個Component,而是設置Action、Data、Category讓系統來篩選出合適的Component。
接下來,寫兩個代碼示例,來介紹一下Explicit Intent和Implict Inent。首先是Explicit Intent:
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private void startExplicitIntentWithComponent() { Intent intent = new Intent(); ComponentName component = new ComponentName( "com.example.photocrop" , "com.example.photocrop.MainActivity" ); intent.setComponent(component); startActivity(intent); } private void startExplicitIntentWithClassName() { Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setClassName( "com.example.photocrop" , "com.example.photocrop.MainActivity" ); startActivity(intent); } |
但是,從源碼里面去看,發現setClassName也是借助了ComponentName實現了Explicit Intent。源碼如下:
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public Intent setClassName(String packageName, String className) { mComponent = new ComponentName(packageName, className); return this ; } |
然后,在給出一個Implict Intent的代碼示例。我這里用一個Activity標注一些Intent Filter為例,然后在寫一個Intent用于啟動它。
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<activity android:name= ".SendIntentType" > <intent-filter > <action android:name= "justtest" /> <category android:name= "justcategory" /> </intent-filter> </activity> |
在當前應用的AndroidManifest.xml中,給SendIntentType類增加了intent-filter,action的名字為“justtest”,category的名字為“justcategory”。啟動該Activity的代碼如下:
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private void startImplictIntent() { Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setAction( "justaction" ); intent.addCategory( "justcategory" ); startActivity(intent); } |
系統在匹配Implict Intent的過程中,將以Intent Filter列出的3項內容為參考標準,具體步驟如下:
- 首先匹配IntentFilter的Action,如果Intent設置的action不滿足IntentFilter的Action,則匹配失敗。如果IntentFilter未設定Action或者設定的Action相同,則匹配成功。
- 然后檢查IntentFilter的Category,匹配方法同Action的匹配相同,唯一例外的是當Category為CATEGORY_DEFAULT的情況。
- 最后檢查Data。
Activityi信息的管理
從上面的分析可以看出,系統的匹配Intent的過程中,首先需要管理當前系統中所有Activity信息。Activity的信息是PackageManagerService在掃描APK的時候進行收集和管理的。相關源碼如下:
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// 處理該package的activity信息 N = pkg.activities.size(); r = null ; for (i = 0 ; i < N; i++) { PackageParser.Activity a = pkg.activities.get(i); a.info.processName = fixProcessName(pkg.applicationInfo.processName, a.info.processName, pkg.applicationInfo.uid); mActivities.addActivity(a, "activity" ); } |
上面代碼中,有兩個比較重要的數據結構,如下圖所示。
結合代碼和上圖的數據結構,可知:
mAcitivitys為ActivityIntentResolver類型,是PKMS的成員變量,用于保存系統中所有與Activity相關的信息。此數據結構內部也有一個mActivities變量,它以ComponentName為key,保存PackageParser.Activity對象。
從APK中解析得到的所有和Acitivity相關的信息(包括XML中聲明的IntentFilter標簽)都由PackageParser.Activity來保存。
前面代碼中調用addActivity函數完成了私有信息的公有化。addActivity函數的代碼如下:
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public final void addActivity(PackageParser.Activity a, String type) { final boolean systemApp = isSystemApp(a.info.applicationInfo); mActivities.put(a.getComponentName(), a); final int NI = a.intents.size(); for ( int j = 0 ; j < NI; j++) { PackageParser.ActivityIntentInfo intent = a.intents.get(j); if (!systemApp && intent.getPriority() > 0 && "activity" .equals(type)) { // 非系統APK的priority必須為0 intent.setPriority( 0 ); } addFilter(intent); } } |
接下來看一下addFilter函數。函數源碼如下:
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public void addFilter(F f) { // mFilters保存所有IntentFilter信息 mFilters.add(f); int numS = register_intent_filter(f, f.schemesIterator(), mSchemeToFilter, " Scheme: " ); int numT = register_mime_types(f, " Type: " ); if (numS == 0 && numT == 0 ) { register_intent_filter(f, f.actionsIterator(), mActionToFilter, " Action: " ); } if (numT != 0 ) { register_intent_filter(f, f.actionsIterator(), mTypedActionToFilter, " TypedAction: " ); } } |
這里又出現了幾種數據結構,它們的類似都是ArrayMap<String, F[ ]>,其中F為模板參數。
- mSchemeToFilter:用于保存uri中與scheme相關的IntentFilter信息。
- mActionToFilter:用于保存僅設置Action條件的IntentFilter信息。
- mTypedActionToFilter:用于保存既設置了Action又設置了Data的MIME類型的IntentFilter信息。
了解了大概的數據結構之后,我們來看一下register_intent_filter的函數實現:
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private final int register_intent_filter(F filter, Iterator<String> i, ArrayMap<String, F[]> dest, String prefix) { if (i == null ) { return 0 ; } int num = 0 ; while (i.hasNext()) { String name = i.next(); num++; addFilter(dest, name, filter); } return num; } |
然后又是一個addFilter函數,明顯是一個函數重載,我們來看一下這個addFilter的實現:
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private final void addFilter(ArrayMap<String, F[]> map, String name, F filter) { F[] array = map.get(name); if (array == null ) { array = newArray( 2 ); map.put(name, array); array[ 0 ] = filter; } else { final int N = array.length; int i = N; while (i > 0 && array[i- 1 ] == null ) { i--; } if (i < N) { array[i] = filter; } else { F[] newa = newArray((N* 3 )/ 2 ); System.arraycopy(array, 0 , newa, 0 , N); newa[N] = filter; map.put(name, newa); } } } |
其實代碼還是很簡單的,如果F數組存在,則判斷容量,不夠則擴容,夠的話就找到位置插入。如果F數組不存在,則創建一個容量為2的數組,將0號元素賦值為該filter。
Intent匹配查詢分析
客戶端通過ApplicationPackageManager輸出的queryIntentActivities函數向PackageManagerService發起一次查詢請求,代碼如下:
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@Override public List<ResolveInfo> queryIntentActivities(Intent intent, int flags) { return queryIntentActivitiesAsUser(intent, flags, mContext.getUserId()); } /** @hide Same as above but for a specific user */ @Override public List<ResolveInfo> queryIntentActivitiesAsUser(Intent intent, int flags, int userId) { try { return mPM.queryIntentActivities( intent, intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(mContext.getContentResolver()), flags, userId); } catch (RemoteException e) { throw new RuntimeException( "Package manager has died" , e); } } |
可以看到,queryIntentActivities的真正實現是在PackageManagerService.java中,函數代碼如下:
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public List<ResolveInfo> queryIntentActivities(Intent intent, String resolvedType, int flags, int userId) { if (!sUserManager.exists(userId)) return Collections.emptyList(); enforceCrossUserPermission(Binder.getCallingUid(), userId, false , "query intent activities" ); ComponentName comp = intent.getComponent(); if (comp == null ) { if (intent.getSelector() != null ) { intent = intent.getSelector(); comp = intent.getComponent(); } } if (comp != null ) { // Explicit的Intent,直接根據component得到對應的ActivityInfo final List<ResolveInfo> list = new ArrayList<ResolveInfo>( 1 ); final ActivityInfo ai = getActivityInfo(comp, flags, userId); if (ai != null ) { final ResolveInfo ri = new ResolveInfo(); ri.activityInfo = ai; list.add(ri); } return list; } // reader synchronized (mPackages) { final String pkgName = intent.getPackage(); if (pkgName == null ) { // Implicit Intent return mActivities.queryIntent(intent, resolvedType, flags, userId); } final PackageParser.Package pkg = mPackages.get(pkgName); if (pkg != null ) { // 指定了包名的Intent return mActivities.queryIntentForPackage(intent, resolvedType, flags, pkg.activities, userId); } return new ArrayList<ResolveInfo>(); } } |
可以看到,Explicit Intent的實現較為簡單,我們重點來看一下Implict Intent實現。Implicit Intent調用了queryIntent方法,我們來看一下queryIntent的實現代碼:
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public List<ResolveInfo> queryIntent(Intent intent, String resolvedType, int flags, int userId) { if (!sUserManager.exists(userId)) return null ; mFlags = flags; return super .queryIntent(intent, resolvedType, (flags & PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY) != 0 , userId); } |
繼續跟蹤到IntentResolver.java的queryIntent方法,源碼如下:
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public List<R> queryIntent(Intent intent, String resolvedType, boolean defaultOnly, int userId) { String scheme = intent.getScheme(); ArrayList<R> finalList = new ArrayList<R>(); // 最多有4輪匹配操作 F[] firstTypeCut = null ; F[] secondTypeCut = null ; F[] thirdTypeCut = null ; F[] schemeCut = null ; // If the intent includes a MIME type, then we want to collect all of // the filters that match that MIME type. if (resolvedType != null ) { int slashpos = resolvedType.indexOf( '/' ); if (slashpos > 0 ) { final String baseType = resolvedType.substring( 0 , slashpos); if (!baseType.equals( "*" )) { if (resolvedType.length() != slashpos+ 2 || resolvedType.charAt(slashpos+ 1 ) != '*' ) { // Not a wild card, so we can just look for all filters that // completely match or wildcards whose base type matches. firstTypeCut = mTypeToFilter.get(resolvedType); secondTypeCut = mWildTypeToFilter.get(baseType); } else { // We can match anything with our base type. firstTypeCut = mBaseTypeToFilter.get(baseType); secondTypeCut = mWildTypeToFilter.get(baseType); } // Any */* types always apply, but we only need to do this // if the intent type was not already */*. thirdTypeCut = mWildTypeToFilter.get( "*" ); } else if (intent.getAction() != null ) { // The intent specified any type ({@literal *}/*). This // can be a whole heck of a lot of things, so as a first // cut let's use the action instead. firstTypeCut = mTypedActionToFilter.get(intent.getAction()); } } } // If the intent includes a data URI, then we want to collect all of // the filters that match its scheme (we will further refine matches // on the authority and path by directly matching each resulting filter). if (scheme != null ) { schemeCut = mSchemeToFilter.get(scheme); } // If the intent does not specify any data -- either a MIME type or // a URI -- then we will only be looking for matches against empty // data. if (resolvedType == null && scheme == null && intent.getAction() != null ) { firstTypeCut = mActionToFilter.get(intent.getAction()); } FastImmutableArraySet<String> categories = getFastIntentCategories(intent); if (firstTypeCut != null ) { buildResolveList(intent, categories, debug, defaultOnly, resolvedType, scheme, firstTypeCut, finalList, userId); } if (secondTypeCut != null ) { buildResolveList(intent, categories, debug, defaultOnly, resolvedType, scheme, secondTypeCut, finalList, userId); } if (thirdTypeCut != null ) { buildResolveList(intent, categories, debug, defaultOnly, resolvedType, scheme, thirdTypeCut, finalList, userId); } if (schemeCut != null ) { buildResolveList(intent, categories, debug, defaultOnly, resolvedType, scheme, schemeCut, finalList, userId); } sortResults(finalList); return finalList; } |
具體的查詢匹配過程是由buildResolveList函數完成了。查詢的匹配實現我就不貼代碼了,大家自己去查詢看就好了。