本文主要介紹了java使用監聽器實現一個統計網站在線人數的示例,具有一定的參考價值,有需要的朋友可以了解一下。
(1)創建一個監聽器實現類
要大致統計一個網站的在線人數,首先,可以通過ServletContextListener監聽,當Web應用上下文啟動時,在ServletContext中添加一個List,用來準備存放在線的用戶名;然后,可以通過HttpSessionAttributeListener監聽,當用戶登錄成功把用戶名設置到Session中時同時將用戶名存放到ServletContext中的List列表中;最后通過HttpSessionListener監聽,當用戶注銷會話時將用戶名從應用上下文范圍中的List列表中刪除。
所以,編寫OnLineListener類實現ServletContextListener、HttpSessionAttributeListener、HttpSessionListener接口,具體代碼如下:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
|
package com.web.servlet; import Java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent; import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener; //在線人數統計監聽器實現類 public class OnlineListener implements ServletContextListener, HttpSessionAttributeListener, HttpSessionListener { private ServletContext application = null ; public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent arg0) { //初始化一個application對象 this .application = arg0.getServletContext(); //設置一個列表屬性,用于保存在想用戶名 this .application.setAttribute( "online" , new LinkedList<String>()); } //往會話中添加屬性時會回調的方法 public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0) { //取得用戶名列表 List<String> online = (List<String>) this .application .getAttribute( "online" ); if ( "username" .equals(arg0.getName())) { //將當前用戶名添加到列表中 online.add((String) arg0.getValue()); } //將添加后的列表重新設置到application屬性中 this .application.setAttribute( "online" , online); } public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } //會話銷毀時會回調的方法 public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent arg0) { //取得用戶名列表 List<String> online = (List<String>) this .application .getAttribute( "online" ); //取得當前用戶名 String username = (String) arg0.getSession().getAttribute( "username" ); //將此用戶名從列表中刪除 online.remove(username); //將刪除后的列表重新設置到application屬性中 this .application.setAttribute( "online" , online); } } |
(2)在web.xml中注冊監聽器
監聽器實現好后,還需要在web.xml文件中進行注冊才能起作用,只需要在web.xml中像如下添加元素即可
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
<!-- 注冊一個監聽器 --> < listener > <!-- 指定監聽器實現類的全限定名 --> < listener-class > com.web.servlet.OnlineListener </ listener-class > </listener |
最后,我們創建幾個Servlet來測試這個監聽器實現的功能。
處理用戶登錄的Servlet類代碼:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
|
package com.web.servlet; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; //處理用戶登錄的Servlet public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { this .doPost(request, response); } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { request.setCharacterEncoding( "utf-8" ); //設置相應內容類型 String username= request.getParameter( "username" ); //獲取請求參數中的用戶名 //往session中添加屬性,會觸發HttpSessionAttributeListener中的attributeAdded方法 if (username != null && !username.equals( "" )) { request.getSession().setAttribute( "username" ,username); } //從應用上下文中獲取在線用戶名列表 List<String> online = (List<String>)getServletContext().getAttribute( "online" ); response.setContentType( "text/html;charset=utf-8" ); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.println( "<HTML>" ); out.println( " <HEAD><TITLE>用戶列表</TITLE></HEAD>" ); out.println( " <BODY>" ); out.println( "當前用戶是:" + username); out.print( " <hr/><h3>在線用戶列表</h3>" ); int size = online == null ? 0 : online.size(); for ( int i = 0 ; i < size; i++) { if (i > 0 ){ out.println( "<br/>" ); } out.println(i + 1 + "." + online.get(i)); } //注意: 要對鏈接URL進行自動重寫處理 out.println( "<hr/><a href=" / " mce_href=" / "" " + response.encodeURL(" logout ") + " / ">注銷</a>" ); out.println( " </BODY>" ); out.println( "</HTML>" ); out.flush(); out.close(); } } |
處理用戶登錄Servlet的類代碼
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
|
package com.web.servlet; import java.io.*; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.*; //處理用戶注銷會話的Servlet public class LogoutServlet extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { this .doPost(request, response); } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { request.setCharacterEncoding( "utf-8" ); //銷毀會話,會觸發SessionLinstener中的sessionDestroyed方法 request.getSession().invalidate(); //從應用上下文中獲取在線用戶名列表 List<String> online = (List<String>)getServletContext().getAttribute( "online" ); response.setContentType( "text/html;charset=utf-8" ); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.println( "<HTML>" ); out.println( " <HEAD><TITLE>用戶列表</TITLE></HEAD>" ); out.println( " <BODY>" ); out.print( " <h3>在線用戶列表</h3>" ); int size = online == null ? 0 : online.size(); for ( int i = 0 ; i < size; i++) { if (i > 0 ){ out.println( "<br/>" ); } out.println(i + 1 + "." + online.get(i)); } out.println( "<hr/><a href=" / " mce_href=" / "" index.html/ ">主頁</a>" ); out.println( " </BODY>" ); out.println( "</HTML>" ); out.flush(); out.close(); } } |
然后創建一個index.html文件,用來供用戶登錄,代碼如下:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
|
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> < html > < head > < meta http-equiv = "content-type" content = "text/html; charset=UTF-8" > < title >index.html</ title > </ head > < body > < form action = "login" method = "post" > 用戶名:< input type = "text" name = "username" /> < input type = "submit" value = "登錄" />< br />< br /> </ form > </ body > </ html > |
把WEB部署到Tomcat容器總,并啟動。打開瀏覽器訪問即可
以上就是本文的全部內容,希望對大家的學習有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持服務器之家。