為什么要做接口自動化框架
1、業務與配置的分離
2、數據與程序的分離;數據的變更不影響程序
3、有日志功能,實現無人值守
4、自動發送測試報告
5、不懂編程的測試人員也可以進行測試
正常接口測試的流程是什么?
確定接口測試使用的工具----->配置需要的接口參數----->進行測試----->檢查測試結果----->生成測試報告
測試的工具:python+requests
接口測試用例:excel
一、接口框架如下:
1、action包:用來存放關鍵字函數
2、config包:用來存放配置文件
3、TestData:用來存放測試數據,excel表
4、Log包:用來存放日志文件
5、utils包:用來存放公共的類
6、運行主程序interface_auto_test.py
7、Readme.txt:告訴團隊組員使用改框架需要注意的地方
二、接口的數據規范設計---Case設計
一個sheet對應數據庫里面一張表
APIsheet存放
編號;從1開始
接口的名稱(APIName);
請求的url(RequestUrl);
請求的方法(RequestMethod);
傳參的方式(paramsType):post/get請求方法不一樣
用例說明(APITestCase)
是否執行(Active)部分接口已測通,下次不用測試,直接把這里設置成N,跳過此接口
post與get的區別
查看post詳情
post請求參數一般是json串,參數放在from表單里面;參數一般不可見,相對來說安全性高些
查看get詳情
get請求參數一般直接放在url里面
2.1注冊接口用例
RequestData:請求的數據
(開發制定的傳參方式)
RelyData:數據依賴
ResponseCode:響應code
ResponseData:響應數據
DataStore:存儲的依賴數據;如果存在數據庫里面,在表里增加一個字段用來存依賴的數據
(存儲的方式是編寫接口自動化的人員來設定的存儲方式)
CheckPoint:檢查點
Active:是否執行
Status:執行用例的狀態,方便查看用例是否執行成功
ErrorInfo:case運行失敗,失敗的錯誤信息;eg:是也本身的原因還是case設置失敗,還是其他原因
2.2登錄接口用例
RequestData:請求的數據
(開發制定的傳參方式)
RelyData:數據依賴
(存儲的方式是編寫接口自動化的人員來設定的存儲方式)
ResponseCode:響應code
ResponseData:響應數據
DataStore:存儲的依賴數據;如果存在數據庫里面,在表里增加一個字段用來存依賴的數據
(存儲的方式是編寫接口自動化的人員來設定的存儲方式)
CheckPoint:檢查點
Active:是否執行
Status:執行用例的狀態,方便查看用例是否執行成功
ErrorInfo:case運行失敗,失敗的錯誤信息;eg:是也本身的原因還是case設置失敗,還是其他原因
重點說明下RelyData:數據依賴
采取的是字典:key:value來存儲數據格式;
{"request":{"username":"register->1","password":"register->1"},"response":{"code":"register->1"}}
格式化之后:
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{ "request" :{ "username" : "register->1" , "password" : "register->1" }, "response" :{ "code" : "register->1" } } |
三、創建utils包:用來存放公共的類
3.1 ParseExcel.py 操作封裝excel的類(ParseExcel.py)
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#encoding=utf-8 import openpyxl from openpyxl.styles import Border, Side, Font import time class ParseExcel( object ): def __init__( self ): self .workbook = None self .excelFile = None self .font = Font(color = None ) # 設置字體的顏色 # 顏色對應的RGB值 self .RGBDict = { 'red' : 'FFFF3030' , 'green' : 'FF008B00' } def loadWorkBook( self , excelPathAndName): # 將excel文件加載到內存,并獲取其workbook對象 try : self .workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(excelPathAndName) except Exception as err: raise err self .excelFile = excelPathAndName return self .workbook def getSheetByName( self , sheetName): # 根據sheet名獲取該sheet對象 try : # sheet = self.workbook.get_sheet_by_name(sheetName) sheet = self .workbook[sheetName] return sheet except Exception as err: raise err def getSheetByIndex( self , sheetIndex): # 根據sheet的索引號獲取該sheet對象 try : # sheetname = self.workbook.get_sheet_names()[sheetIndex] sheetname = self .workbook.sheetnames[sheetIndex] except Exception as err: raise err # sheet = self.workbook.get_sheet_by_name(sheetname) sheet = self .workbook[sheetname] return sheet def getRowsNumber( self , sheet): # 獲取sheet中有數據區域的結束行號 return sheet.max_row def getColsNumber( self , sheet): # 獲取sheet中有數據區域的結束列號 return sheet.max_column def getStartRowNumber( self , sheet): # 獲取sheet中有數據區域的開始的行號 return sheet.min_row def getStartColNumber( self , sheet): # 獲取sheet中有數據區域的開始的列號 return sheet.min_column def getRow( self , sheet, rowNo): # 獲取sheet中某一行,返回的是這一行所有的數據內容組成的tuple, # 下標從1開始,sheet.rows[1]表示第一行 try : rows = [] for row in sheet.iter_rows(): rows.append(row) return rows[rowNo - 1 ] except Exception as err: raise err def getColumn( self , sheet, colNo): # 獲取sheet中某一列,返回的是這一列所有的數據內容組成tuple, # 下標從1開始,sheet.columns[1]表示第一列 try : cols = [] for col in sheet.iter_cols(): cols.append(col) return cols[colNo - 1 ] except Exception as err: raise err def getCellOfValue( self , sheet, coordinate = None , rowNo = None , colsNo = None ): # 根據單元格所在的位置索引獲取該單元格中的值,下標從1開始, # sheet.cell(row = 1, column = 1).value, # 表示excel中第一行第一列的值 if coordinate ! = None : try : return sheet[coordinate] except Exception as err: raise err elif coordinate is None and rowNo is not None and colsNo is not None : try : return sheet.cell(row = rowNo, column = colsNo).value except Exception as err: raise err else : raise Exception( "Insufficient Coordinates of cell !" ) def getCellOfObject( self , sheet, coordinate = None , rowNo = None , colsNo = None ): # 獲取某個單元格的對象,可以根據單元格所在位置的數字索引, # 也可以直接根據excel中單元格的編碼及坐標 # 如getCellObject(sheet, coordinate = 'A1') or # getCellObject(sheet, rowNo = 1, colsNo = 2) if coordinate ! = None : try : # return sheet.cell(coordinate = coordinate) return sheet[coordinate] except Exception as err: raise err elif coordinate = = None and rowNo is not None and colsNo is not None : try : return sheet.cell(row = rowNo,column = colsNo) except Exception as err: raise err else : raise Exception( "Insufficient Coordinates of cell !" ) def writeCell( self , sheet, content, coordinate = None , rowNo = None , colsNo = None , style = None ): #根據單元格在excel中的編碼坐標或者數字索引坐標向單元格中寫入數據, # 下標從1開始,參style表示字體的顏色的名字,比如red,green if coordinate is not None : try : # sheet.cell(coordinate = coordinate).value = content sheet[coordinate] = content if style is not None : sheet[coordinate]. font = Font(color = self .RGBDict[style]) self .workbook.save( self .excelFile) except Exception as e: raise e elif coordinate = = None and rowNo is not None and colsNo is not None : try : sheet.cell(row = rowNo,column = colsNo).value = content if style: sheet.cell(row = rowNo,column = colsNo). font = Font(color = self .RGBDict[style]) self .workbook.save( self .excelFile) except Exception as e: raise e else : raise Exception( "Insufficient Coordinates of cell !" ) def writeCellCurrentTime( self , sheet, coordinate = None , rowNo = None , colsNo = None ): # 寫入當前的時間,下標從1開始 now = int (time.time()) #顯示為時間戳 timeArray = time.localtime(now) currentTime = time.strftime( "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" , timeArray) if coordinate is not None : try : sheet.cell(coordinate = coordinate).value = currentTime self .workbook.save( self .excelFile) except Exception as e: raise e elif coordinate = = None and rowNo is not None and colsNo is not None : try : sheet.cell(row = rowNo, column = colsNo ).value = currentTime self .workbook.save( self .excelFile) except Exception as e: raise e else : raise Exception( "Insufficient Coordinates of cell !" ) if __name__ = = '__main__' : # 測試代碼 pe = ParseExcel() pe.loadWorkBook(r 'D:ProgramSourceCodePython Source CodeWorkSpaceInterfaceFrame2018inter_test_data.xlsx' ) sheetObj = pe.getSheetByName(u "API" ) print ( "通過名稱獲取sheet對象的名字:" , sheetObj.title) # print help(sheetObj.rows) print ( "通過index序號獲取sheet對象的名字:" , pe.getSheetByIndex( 0 ).title) sheet = pe.getSheetByIndex( 0 ) print ( type (sheet)) print (pe.getRowsNumber(sheet)) #獲取最大行號 print (pe.getColsNumber(sheet)) #獲取最大列號 rows = pe.getRow(sheet, 1 ) #獲取第一行 for i in rows: print (i.value) # # 獲取第一行第一列單元格內容 # print pe.getCellOfValue(sheet, rowNo = 1, colsNo = 1) # pe.writeCell(sheet, u'我愛祖國', rowNo = 10, colsNo = 10) # pe.writeCellCurrentTime(sheet, rowNo = 10, colsNo = 11) |
3.2 封裝get/post請求(HttpClient.py)
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import requests import json class HttpClient( object ): def __init__( self ): pass def request( self , requestMethod, requestUrl, paramsType, requestData, headers = None , * * kwargs): if requestMethod = = "post" : print ( "---" , requestData, type (requestData)) if paramsType = = "form" : response = self .__post(url = requestUrl, data = json.dumps( eval (requestData)), headers = headers, * * kwargs) return response elif paramsType = = "json" : response = self .__post(url = requestUrl, json = json.dumps( eval (requestData)), headers = headers, * * kwargs) return response elif requestMethod = = "get" : request_url = requestUrl if paramsType = = "url" : request_url = "%s%s" % (requestUrl, requestData) response = self .__get(url = request_url, params = requestData, * * kwargs) return response def __post( self , url, data = None , json = None , headers = None , * * kwargs): print ( "----" ) response = requests.post(url = url, data = data, json = json, headers = headers) return response def __get( self , url, params = None , * * kwargs): response = requests.get(url, params = params, * * kwargs) return response if __name__ = = "__main__" : hc = HttpClient() res = hc.request( "get" , "http://39.106.41.11:8080/getBlogContent/" , "url" , '2' ) print (res.json()) |
3.3 封裝MD5(md5_encrypt)
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import hashlib def md5_encrypt(text): m5 = hashlib.md5() m5.update(text.encode( "utf-8" )) value = m5.hexdigest() return value if __name__ = = "__main__" : print (md5_encrypt( "sfwe" )) |
3.4 封裝Log
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import logging import logging.config from config.public_data import baseDir # 讀取日志配置文件 logging.config.fileConfig(baseDir + "configLogger.conf" ) # 選擇一個日志格式 logger = logging.getLogger( "example02" ) #或者example01 def debug(message): # 定義dubug級別日志打印方法 logger.debug(message) def info(message): # 定義info級別日志打印方法 logger.info(message) def warning(message): # 定義warning級別日志打印方法 logger.warning(message) |
3.5 封裝發送Email類
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import smtplib from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.header import Header from ProjVar.var import * import os import smtplib from email import encoders from email.mime.base import MIMEBase from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.header import Header from email.utils import formataddr def send_mail(): mail_host = "smtp.126.com" #設置服務器 mail_user = "testman1980" #用戶名 mail_pass = "wulaoshi1980" #口令 # 創建一個帶附件的實例 message = MIMEMultipart() message[ 'To' ] = ',' .join(receivers) subject = '自動化測試執行報告' message[ 'Subject' ] = Header(subject, 'utf-8' ) message[ "Accept-Language" ] = "zh-CN" message[ "Accept-Charset" ] = "ISO-8859-1,utf-8,gbk" # 郵件正文內容 message.attach(MIMEText( '最新執行的自動化測試報告,請參閱附件內容!' , 'plain' , 'utf-8' )) # 構造附件1,傳送測試結果的excel文件 att = MIMEBase( 'application' , 'octet-stream' ) att.set_payload( open (ProjDirPath + "\testdata\testdata.xlsx" , 'rb' ).read()) att.add_header( 'Content-Disposition' , 'attachment' , filename = ( 'gbk' , '', "自動化測試報告.xlsx" )) encoders.encode_base64(att) message.attach(att) """ # 構造附件2,傳送當前目錄下的 runoob.txt 文件 att2 = MIMEText(open('e:\a.py','rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8') att2["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream' att2["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="a.py"' message.attach(att2) """ try : smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP(mail_host) smtpObj.login(mail_user, mail_pass) smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string()) print ( "郵件發送成功" ) except smtplib.SMTPException as e: print ( "Error: 無法發送郵件" , e) if __name__ = = "__main__" : send_mail() |
四、 創建config包 用來存放公共的參數、配置文件、長時間不變的變量值
創建public_data.py
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import os # 整個項目的根目錄絕對路勁 baseDir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)) # 獲取測試數據文件的絕對路徑 file_path = baseDir + "/TestData/inter_test_data.xlsx" API_apiName = 2 API_requestUrl = 3 API_requestMothod = 4 API_paramsType = 5 API_apiTestCaseFileName = 6 API_active = 7 CASE_requestData = 1 CASE_relyData = 2 CASE_responseCode = 3 CASE_responseData = 4 CASE_dataStore = 5 CASE_checkPoint = 6 CASE_active = 7 CASE_status = 8 CASE_errorInfo = 9 # 存儲請求參數里面依賴的數據 REQUEST_DATA = {} # 存儲響應對象中的依賴數據 RESPONSE_DATA = {} if __name__ = = "__main__" : print (file_path) print (baseDir) |
五、創建TestData目錄,用來存放測試文件
inter_test_data.xlsx
六、創建action包,用來存放關鍵字函數
6.1 解決數據依賴 (GetRely.py)
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from config.public_data import REQUEST_DATA, RESPONSE_DATA from utils.md5_encrypt import md5_encrypt REQUEST_DATA = { "用戶注冊" :{ "1" :{ "username" : "zhangsan" , "password" : "dfsdf23" }, "headers" :{ "cookie" : "asdfwerw" }}} RESPONSE_DATA = { "用戶注冊" :{ "1" :{ "code" : "00" }, "headers" :{ "age" : 2342 }}} class GetRely( object ): def __init__( self ): pass @classmethod def get( self , dataSource, relyData, headSource = {}): print ( type (dataSource)) print (dataSource) data = dataSource.copy() for key, value in relyData.items(): if key = = "request" : #說明應該去REQUEST_DATA中獲取 for k, v in value.items(): interfaceName, case_idx = v.split( "->" ) val = REQUEST_DATA[interfaceName][case_idx][k] if k = = "password" : data[k] = md5_encrypt(val) else : data[k] = val elif key = = "response" : # 應該去RESPONSE_DATA中獲取 for k, v in value.items(): interfaceName, case_idx = v.split( "->" ) data[k] = RESPONSE_DATA[interfaceName][case_idx][k] elif key = = "headers" : if headSource: for key, value in value.items(): if key = = "request" : for k, v in value.items(): for i in v: headSource[i] = REQUEST_DATA[k][ "headers" ][i] elif key = = "response" : for i, val in value.items(): for j in val: headSource[j] = RESPONSE_DATA[i][ "headers" ][j] return "%s" % data if __name__ = = "__main__" : s = { "username" : " ", " password ": " "," code ":" "} h = { "cookie" : "123" , "age" : 332 } rely = { "request" : { "username" : "用戶注冊->1" , "password" : "用戶注冊->1" }, "response" :{ "code" : "用戶注冊->1" }, "headers" :{ "request" :{ "用戶注冊" :[ "cookie" ]}, "response" :{ "用戶注冊" :[ "age" ]}} } print (GetRely.get(s, rely, h)) |
6.2 解決數據存儲(RelyDataStore.py)
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from config.public_data import RESPONSE_DATA, REQUEST_DATA class RelyDataStore( object ): def __init__( self ): pass @classmethod def do( cls , storePoint, apiName, caseId, request_source = {}, response_source = {}, req_headers = {}, res_headers = {}): for key, value in storePoint.items(): if key = = "request" : # 說明需要存儲的依賴數據來自請求參數,應該將數據存儲到REQUEST_DATA for i in value: if i in request_source: val = request_source[i] if apiName not in REQUEST_DATA: # 說明存儲數據的結構還未生成,需要指明數據存儲結構 REQUEST_DATA[apiName] = { str (caseId): {i: val}} else : #說明存儲數據結構中最外層結構已存在 if str (caseId) in REQUEST_DATA[apiName]: REQUEST_DATA[apiName][ str (caseId)][i] = val else : # 說明內層結構不完整,需要指明完整的結構 REQUEST_DATA[apiName][ str (caseId)] = {i: val} else : print ( "請求參數中不存在字段" + i) elif key = = "response" : #說明需要存儲的依賴數據來自接口的響應body,應該將數據存儲到RESPONSE_DATA for j in value: if j in response_source: val = response_source[j] if apiName not in RESPONSE_DATA: # 說明存儲數據的結構還未生成,需要指明數據存儲結構 RESPONSE_DATA[apiName] = { str (caseId): {j: val}} else : #說明存儲數據結構中最外層結構已存在 if str (caseId) in RESPONSE_DATA[apiName]: RESPONSE_DATA[apiName][ str (caseId)][j] = val else : # 說明內層結構不完整,需要指明完整的結構 RESPONSE_DATA[apiName][ str (caseId)] = {j: val} else : print ( "接口的響應body中不存在字段" + j) elif key = = "headers" : for k, v in value.items(): if k = = "request" : # 說明需要往REQUEST_DATA變量中寫入存儲數據 for item in v: if item in req_headers: header = req_headers[item] if "headers" in REQUEST_DATA[apiName]: REQUEST_DATA[apiName][ "headers" ][item] = header else : REQUEST_DATA[apiName][ "headers" ] = {item: header} elif k = = "response" : # 說明需要往RESPONSE_DATA變量中寫入存儲數據 for it in v: if it in res_headers: header = res_headers[it] if "headers" in RESPONSE_DATA[apiName]: RESPONSE_DATA[apiName][ "headers" ][it] = header else : RESPONSE_DATA[apiName][ "headers" ] = {item: header} print (REQUEST_DATA) print (RESPONSE_DATA) if __name__ = = "__main__" : req_h = { "cookie" : "csdfw23" } res_h = { "age" : 597232 } s = { "request" : [ "username" , "password" ], "response" : [ "userid" ], "headers" :{ "request" :[ "cookie" ], "response" :[ "age" ]}} res = { "userid" : 12 , "code" : "00" } RelyDataStore.do(s, "register" , 1 , r, res, req_headers = req_h, res_headers = res_h) print (REQUEST_DATA) print (RESPONSE_DATA) |
6.3 校驗數據結果(CheckResult.py)
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import re class CheckResult( object ): def __init__( self ): pass @classmethod def check( self , responseObj, checkPoint): responseBody = responseObj.json() # responseBody = {"code": "", "userid": 12, "id": "12"} errorKey = {} for key, value in checkPoint.items(): if key in responseBody: if isinstance (value, ( str , int )): # 等值校驗 if responseBody[key] ! = value: errorKey[key] = responseBody[key] elif isinstance (value, dict ): sourceData = responseBody[key] if "value" in value: # 模糊匹配校驗 regStr = value[ "value" ] rg = re.match(regStr, "%s" % sourceData) if not rg: errorKey[key] = sourceData elif "type" in value: # 數據類型校驗 typeS = value[ "type" ] if typeS = = "N" : # 說明是整形校驗 if not isinstance (sourceData, int ): errorKey[key] = sourceData else : errorKey[key] = "[%s] not exist" % key return errorKey if __name__ = = "__main__" : r = { "code" : "00" , "userid" : 12 , "id" : 12 } c = { "code" : "00" , "userid" : { "type" : "N" }, "id" : { "value" : "d+" }} print (CheckResult.check(r, c)) |
6.4 往excel里面寫結果
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from config.public_data import * def write_result(wbObj, sheetObj, responseData, errorKey, rowNum): try : # 寫響應body wbObj.writeCell(sheetObj, content = "%s" % responseData, rowNo = rowNum, colsNo = CASE_responseData) # 寫校驗結果狀態及錯誤信息 if errorKey: wbObj.writeCell(sheetObj, content = "%s" % errorKey, rowNo = rowNum, colsNo = CASE_errorInfo) wbObj.writeCell(sheetObj, content = "faild" , rowNo = rowNum, colsNo = CASE_status, style = "red" ) else : wbObj.writeCell(sheetObj, content = "pass" , rowNo = rowNum, colsNo = CASE_status, style = "green" ) except Exception as err: raise err |
七、創建Log目錄用來存放日志
八、主函數
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#encoding=utf-8 import requests import json from action.get_rely import GetRely from config.public_data import * from utils.ParseExcel import ParseExcel from utils.HttpClient import HttpClient from action.data_store import RelyDataStore from action.check_result import CheckResult from action.write_result import write_result from utils.Log import * def main(): parseE = ParseExcel() parseE.loadWorkBook(file_path) sheetObj = parseE.getSheetByName( "API" ) activeList = parseE.getColumn(sheetObj, API_active) for idx, cell in enumerate (activeList[ 1 :], 2 ): if cell.value = = "y" : #需要被執行 RowObj = parseE.getRow(sheetObj, idx) apiName = RowObj[API_apiName - 1 ].value requestUrl = RowObj[API_requestUrl - 1 ].value requestMethod = RowObj[API_requestMothod - 1 ].value paramsType = RowObj[API_paramsType - 1 ].value apiTestCaseFileName = RowObj[API_apiTestCaseFileName - 1 ].value # 下一步讀取用例sheet表,準備執行測試用例 caseSheetObj = parseE.getSheetByName(apiTestCaseFileName) caseActiveObj = parseE.getColumn(caseSheetObj, CASE_active) for c_idx, col in enumerate (caseActiveObj[ 1 :], 2 ): if col.value = = "y" : #需要執行的用例 caseRowObj = parseE.getRow(caseSheetObj, c_idx) requestData = caseRowObj[CASE_requestData - 1 ].value relyData = caseRowObj[CASE_relyData - 1 ].value responseCode = caseRowObj[CASE_responseCode - 1 ].value responseData = caseRowObj[CASE_responseData - 1 ].value dataStore = caseRowObj[CASE_dataStore - 1 ].value checkPoint = caseRowObj[CASE_checkPoint - 1 ].value #發送接口請求之前需要做一下數據依賴的處理 if relyData: logging.info( "處理第%s個接口的第%s條用例的數據依賴!" ) requestData = GetRely.get( eval (requestData), eval (relyData)) httpC = HttpClient() response = httpC.request(requestMethod = requestMethod, requestData = requestData, requestUrl = requestUrl, paramsType = paramsType ) # 獲取到響應結果后,接下來進行數據依賴存儲邏輯實現 if response.status_code = = 200 : responseData = response.json() # 進行依賴數據存儲 if dataStore: RelyDataStore.do( eval (dataStore), apiName, c_idx - 1 , eval (requestData), responseData) # 接下來就是校驗結果 else : logging.info( "接口【%s】的第【%s】條用例,不需要進行依賴數據存儲!" % (apiName, c_idx)) if checkPoint: errorKey = CheckResult.check(response, eval (checkPoint)) write_result(parseE, caseSheetObj, responseData, errorKey, c_idx) else : logging.info( "接口【%s】的第【%s】條用例,執行失敗,接口協議code非200!" % (apiName, c_idx)) else : logging.info( "第%s個接口的第%s條用例,被忽略執行!" % (idx - 1 , c_idx - 1 )) else : logging.info( "第%s行的接口被忽略執行!" % (idx - 1 )) if __name__ = = "__main__" : main() |
框架待完善~~請各路神仙多多指教~~
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原文鏈接:https://www.cnblogs.com/ff-gaofeng/p/12071942.html