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本文為大家分享了C語言將BMP格式圖片轉化為灰度的具體代碼，供大家參考，具體內容如下

代碼如下：

#include<stdio.h>
#include<malloc.h>
#include<stdlib.h>


#pragma pack(1)
typedef struct tagBITMAPFILEHEADER
{
  unsigned char bfType[2];//文件格式
  unsigned long bfSize;//文件大小
  unsigned short bfReserved1;//保留
  unsigned short bfReserved2;
  unsigned long bfOffBits; //DIB數據在文件中的偏移量
}fileHeader;
#pragma pack()
/*
位圖數據信息結構
*/
#pragma pack(1)
typedef struct tagBITMAPINFOHEADER
{
  unsigned long biSize;//該結構的大小
  long biWidth;//文件寬度
  long biHeight;//文件高度
  unsigned short biPlanes;//平面數
  unsigned short biBitCount;//顏色位數
  unsigned long biCompression;//壓縮類型
  unsigned long biSizeImage;//DIB數據區大小
  long biXPixPerMeter;
  long biYPixPerMeter;
  unsigned long biClrUsed;//多少顏色索引表
  unsigned long biClrImporant;//多少重要顏色
}fileInfo;
#pragma pack()
/*
調色板結構
*/
#pragma pack(1)
typedef struct tagRGBQUAD
{
  unsigned char rgbBlue; //藍色分量亮度
  unsigned char rgbGreen;//綠色分量亮度
  unsigned char rgbRed;//紅色分量亮度
  unsigned char rgbReserved;
}rgbq;
#pragma pack()

int main()
{
  FILE *fp1 = fopen("C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\data\\bmp\\image.bmp", "rb+");
  if (fp1 == NULL)
  {
      printf("打開文件fp1失敗");
      exit(0);
  }

  FILE *fp2 = fopen("C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\data\\bmp\\imageGray.bmp", "wb");
  if (fp1 == NULL)
  {
      printf("打開文件fp2失敗");
      exit(0);
  }

  fileHeader * fh;
  fileInfo * fi;
  fh = (fileHeader *)malloc(sizeof(fileHeader));
  fi = (fileInfo *)malloc(sizeof(fileInfo));

  //讀取位圖頭結構和信息頭
  fread(fh, sizeof(fileHeader), 1, fp1);
  fread(fi, sizeof(fileInfo), 1, fp1);

  printf("\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\原始圖片信息\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\n");
  printf("bmp文件頭：\n");
  printf("bfSize:%d\n", fh->bfSize);
  printf("bfOffBits:%d\n", fh->bfOffBits);
  printf("\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\n");
  printf("bmp信息頭\n");
  printf("結構體長度：%d \n", fi->biSize);
  printf("位圖寬度：%d \n", fi->biWidth);
  printf("位圖高度：%d \n", fi->biHeight);
  printf("位圖平面數：%d \n", fi->biPlanes);
  printf("顏色位數：%d \n", fi->biBitCount);
  printf("壓縮方式：%d \n", fi->biCompression);
  printf("實際位圖數據占用的字節數：%d \n", fi->biSizeImage);
  printf("X方向分辨率：%d \n", fi->biXPixPerMeter);
  printf("Y方向分辨率：%d \n", fi->biYPixPerMeter);
  printf("使用的顏色數：%d \n", fi->biClrUsed);
  printf("重要顏色數：%d \n", fi->biClrImporant);
  printf("\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\n");

  //修改信息頭
  fi->biBitCount = 8;
  //fi->biSizeImage = ((fi->biWidth * 3 + 3) / 4) * 4 * fi->biHeight;
  fi->biSizeImage = fi->biHeight*fi->biWidth;
  //修改文件頭
  fh->bfOffBits = sizeof(fileHeader) + sizeof(fileInfo) + 256 * sizeof(rgbq);
  fh->bfSize = fh->bfOffBits + fi->biSizeImage;

  printf("\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\修改后的圖片信息\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\n");
  printf("bmp文件頭：\n");
  printf("bfSize:%d\n", fh->bfSize);
  printf("bfOffBits:%d\n", fh->bfOffBits);
  printf("\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\n");
  printf("bmp信息頭\n");
  printf("結構體長度：%d \n", fi->biSize);
  printf("位圖寬度：%d \n", fi->biWidth);
  printf("位圖高度：%d \n", fi->biHeight);
  printf("位圖平面數：%d \n", fi->biPlanes);
  printf("顏色位數：%d \n", fi->biBitCount);
  printf("壓縮方式：%d \n", fi->biCompression);
  printf("實際位圖數據占用的字節數：%d \n", fi->biSizeImage);
  printf("X方向分辨率：%d \n", fi->biXPixPerMeter);
  printf("Y方向分辨率：%d \n", fi->biYPixPerMeter);
  printf("使用的顏色數：%d \n", fi->biClrUsed);
  printf("重要顏色數：%d \n", fi->biClrImporant);
  printf("\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\n");

  //創建調色板
  int i,j,k=0;
  rgbq *fq = (rgbq *)malloc(256 * sizeof(rgbq));
  for (i = 0; i<256; i++)
  {
      fq[i].rgbBlue = fq[i].rgbGreen = fq[i].rgbRed = i;
  }
  //寫入文件頭、信息頭、調色板
  fwrite(fh, sizeof(fileHeader), 1, fp2);
  fwrite(fi, sizeof(fileInfo), 1, fp2);
  fwrite(fq, sizeof(rgbq), 256, fp2);

  //將位圖信息轉為灰度
  //存儲bmp一行的像素點
  //unsigned char ImgData[900][3];
  unsigned char ImgData[3000][3];
  //將灰度圖像存到一維數組中
  //unsigned char grayData2[900];
  unsigned char ImgData2[3000];
  /*
  //錯誤的算法
  for (i = 0; i < fi->biHeight; i++)
  {
      for (j = 0; j < (fi->biWidth * 3 + 3) / 4 * 4; j++)
      {
          for (k = 0; k < 3; k++)
          {
              fread(&ImgData[j][k], 1, 1, fp1);
          }
      }
      for (j = 0; j < (fi->biWidth + 3) / 4 * 4; j++)
      {
          ImgData2[j] = int((float)ImgData[j][0] * 0.114 +
              (float)ImgData[j][1] * 0.587 +
              (float)ImgData[j][2] * 0.299);
      }
      //將灰度圖信息寫入
      fwrite(ImgData2, j, 1, fp2);
  }
  */
  /*
  //正確的算法(1)
  for (i = 0; i<fi->biHeight; i++)
  {
      for (j = 0; j<(fi->biWidth + 3) / 4 * 4; j++)
      {
          for (k = 0; k<3; k++)
          fread(&ImgData[j][k], 1, 1, fp1);
      }
      for (j = 0; j<(fi->biWidth + 3) / 4 * 4; j++)
      {
          ImgData2[j] = int((float)ImgData[j][0] * 0.114 +
              (float)ImgData[j][1] * 0.587 +
              (float)ImgData[j][2] * 0.299);
      }
      //將灰度圖信息寫入
      fwrite(ImgData2, j, 1, fp2);
  }
  */
  //正確算法（2）
  unsigned char * * bmp_data;
  bmp_data = new unsigned char*[fi->biHeight]; //聲明一個指針數組
  unsigned char *data288 = new unsigned char[fi->biHeight*fi->biWidth];

  for (i = 0; i<fi->biHeight; i++)
      bmp_data[i] = new unsigned char[(fi->biWidth * 3 + 3) / 4 * 4]; //每個數組元素也是一個指針數組
  for (i = 0; i<fi->biHeight; i++)
      for (j = 0; j<(fi->biWidth * 3 + 3) / 4 * 4; j++)
          fread(&bmp_data[i][j], 1, 1, fp1);//每次只讀取一個字節，存入數組

  for (i = 0; i<fi->biHeight; i++)//將24位真彩色轉換成灰度圖
      for (j = 0; j<fi->biWidth; j++){
      data288[fi->biWidth*i + j] = ((unsigned char)((float)bmp_data[i][3 * j] * 0.114 + (float)bmp_data[i][3 * j + 1] * 0.587 + (float)bmp_data[i][3 * j + 2] * 0.299));
      }

  fwrite(data288, fi->biSizeImage, 1, fp2);
  free(fh);
  free(fi);
  free(fq);
  fclose(fp1);
  fclose(fp2);
  printf("success\n");
  return 0;
}

C語言實現BMP格式圖片轉化為灰度